Study on the house design and living sytle in the cold region of Northeast China - Comparative research on house planning theory of Japan and China

我们调查了2000 - 2003年中国东北地区大连、沈阳和哈尔滨三个城市的农家房和城市公寓的房屋规划和人们的生活。这三个城市是中国北方地区典型的大城市。研究工作是在中国高校的合作下完成的。我们明确了房屋形式和生活方式的许多特征如下。1)人们有典型的房屋形式，具有中国北方特有的原始炕供暖系统。康在农村地区很受欢迎。他们在传统房屋和新房屋中都采用炕。2)炕不只是取暖设备这无疑是一个多功能系统。也就是说，人们把炕当作睡觉的床、坐凳、工作台、玩耍的空间等。3)我们认为，康城最重要的功能之一是干净的地面空间。人们根本不直接坐在地板上。人们不会光着脚在地板上走。人们可以直接坐在炕上，光着脚享受生活。4)因此姜室是多功能空间这个房间兼作卧室、客厅、客厅等。也就是说，康房是能源密集型和空间密集型的。所以它很理性，很适合北方国家的生活。5)同样在城市公寓中，我们可以发现与农舍类似的典型生活方式。也就是人们多用途地使用他们的床。一般来说，中国北方的房屋设计和生活方式是北方国家的原创和共同的。因此，我们应该研究准备适合中国和日本北方生活的新住宅规划设计。

We surveyed the house plan and people's lives of farm houses and urban apartment houses in Dalian, Shenyang and Haerbin in Norhteast China between 2000 and 2003. These three cities are typical big ones in northern region of China. The research work was completed with the cooporation of universities of China. We cleared many characteristics of house form and living style as follows.1) People have the typical house form with the original heating system of Kang peculiar to the northern region of China. Kang is very popular in rural districts. They adopt Kang both in traditional houses and new houses.2) Kang is not only heating equipment. It is surely multi-functional system. That is, people use Kang as sleeping bed, sitting bench, work-table, playing space and so on.3) We think, one of the most important functions of Kang is the clean floor space on it. People don't sit directly on the floor at all. People don't walk on the floor with their bare feet. People can sit directly on the Kang floor and enjoy their life in their bare feet.4) Accordingly the Kang room is multi-purpose space. The room is serving as bedroom, living room, drawing room and so on. Namely the Kang room is both energy intensive and space-intensive. So it is very rational and is suitable for the life in the northern countries.5) Also in urban apartment houses, we can find the typical life style similar to the case of farmhouses. Namely people use their bed in multi-purpose way.6) Generally the northern China house design and living style are original and common to the northern countries. So we should study to prepare the new house planning and design suitable for the northern life in China and Japan.