Study on the house design and living sytle in the cold region of Northeast China - Comparative research on house planning theory of Japan and China

在2000年至2003年期间，我们对大连、沈阳、哈尔滨三地的农房和城市公寓房的住房规划和人民生活进行了调查。这三个城市是中国北部地区典型的大城市。研究工作是在中国大学的合作下完成的。明确了民居形态和居住方式的特点：1)具有典型的民居形态，具有中国北疆特有的康原采暖系统。康在农村地区很受欢迎。他们在传统住宅和新住宅中都采用了Kang。2)Kang不仅仅是取暖设备。这当然是一个多功能的系统。也就是说，人们把康作为睡床、坐椅、工作台、游戏空间等。3)我们认为，坎最重要的功能之一就是其上干净的地面空间。人们根本不会直接坐在地板上。人们不会光着脚走在地板上。人们可以直接坐在kang地板上，光着脚享受生活。因此，kang房间是一个多功能的空间。房间用作卧室、起居室、客厅等。也就是说，Kang房间既是能源密集型的，也是空间密集型的。5)同样，在城市公寓楼中，我们也可以发现与农家乐相似的典型生活方式。即人们对床的综合利用。6)总的来说，北方中国的房屋设计和生活方式都是北方国家独创的，是北方国家共同的。因此，我们应该研究准备适合中国和日本北方生活的新房规划设计。

We surveyed the house plan and people's lives of farm houses and urban apartment houses in Dalian, Shenyang and Haerbin in Norhteast China between 2000 and 2003. These three cities are typical big ones in northern region of China. The research work was completed with the cooporation of universities of China. We cleared many characteristics of house form and living style as follows.1) People have the typical house form with the original heating system of Kang peculiar to the northern region of China. Kang is very popular in rural districts. They adopt Kang both in traditional houses and new houses.2) Kang is not only heating equipment. It is surely multi-functional system. That is, people use Kang as sleeping bed, sitting bench, work-table, playing space and so on.3) We think, one of the most important functions of Kang is the clean floor space on it. People don't sit directly on the floor at all. People don't walk on the floor with their bare feet. People can sit directly on the Kang floor and enjoy their life in their bare feet.4) Accordingly the Kang room is multi-purpose space. The room is serving as bedroom, living room, drawing room and so on. Namely the Kang room is both energy intensive and space-intensive. So it is very rational and is suitable for the life in the northern countries.5) Also in urban apartment houses, we can find the typical life style similar to the case of farmhouses. Namely people use their bed in multi-purpose way.6) Generally the northern China house design and living style are original and common to the northern countries. So we should study to prepare the new house planning and design suitable for the northern life in China and Japan.