Study on the HousingーForm and Gathering Style of Houses in Snowy Region in Japan

住房制度应符合本地区特有的自然特征和各种居住条件。雪域具有典型的房屋形态和集聚风格。日本北部的北海道、东北、北陆等地区的住房形式和聚集风格与当时东京和大阪等南部温暖地区的住房形式和聚集风格有很大的不同。我们应该在雪区尽可能紧凑地布局市区，因为紧凑的城市在各个方面都很合理。本文通过对日本札幌市、北海道、高田区、新泻等地的住宅调研资料，明确了雪域居住区的房屋形态和居住体系的特点，探讨了适合该地区的住宅规划体系。主要特点如下：1.在高田，有非常典型的“真家”和“恒木”构成的住宅风格。“Mchiya”是一种传统的城市式房屋，而“Gangi”是一个拱廊，它安装在每个“Mchiya”中，并作为冬季的重要人行道。高田人有独特的房屋维护规则(制度)，通过这种规则(制度)，他们总是把“Mchiya”和“Gangi”保持在良好的状态。札幌市有特色的住宅形式，建筑密度很高，并配备了原始的屋顶风格来除雪。札幌和高田的许多人对现有的除雪方式感到不满。他们渴望在雪地里有更合适的住房风格。建立适合雪域地区的典型住房原则和住房集聚体系是当务之急。

Housing system should agree with the natural characteristics and various living conditions peculiar to the region. There are a typical housing-form and gathering style of houses in the snowy region. The housing form and gathering style of the northern part of Japan like Hokkaido, Tohoku, Hokuriku a re very different from then of the southern warm regions like Tokyo and Osaka. And we should lay out the urban area as compactly as possible in snowy districts, because the compact city is much rational in all respects. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of house form and g thering system of the residential area in snowy regions, using the data of housing research which were carried out in Sapporo, Hokkaido and Takada district, Joetsu, Niigata, and to investigate the proper housing planning system of the residential area.The main feaures are as follows ;1. There is the very typical housing style which are composed of "Machiya" and "Gangi" in Takada, Joetsu. "Machiya" is a traditional urban-typed house and "Gangi" is an arcade which is installed in every "Machiya" and served as a important footway in winter.2. People in Takada have the unique housing maintenance rule (system), by which they always keep "Machiya" and "Gangi" in good condition.3. There is the characteristic housing form in Sapporo, which is built in very high density and equipped with the original roof style for snow removing.4. Many of people in Sapporo and Takada are dissatisfied with the existing snow-removing way. They desire the more suitable housing style in snowy country. It is an urgent subject to establish the typical housing principle and gathering system of houses suitable for the snowy regions.