A Preliminary Examination on Cities and Gardens in Ancient East Asia

园林是古代城市必不可少的机构，由池塘、宫殿、塔楼、果园、种植园、马场等组成。我们在H13和H14会计年度发现了以下一些问题，除了我们在H15.1中确认的以外，8世纪奈良宫的花园有两种类型，一种是池塘花园风格，另一种是田野花园风格奈良宫在其北面设有专属花园园林部的主要职责是管理朝廷的农产品奈良宫和贵族府邸的园林受到了唐代的影响，这些特征是前唐园林的传统元素。中国园林在日本的第一阶段是在7世纪初的隋代。第二阶段在特殊（百济和新罗）的影响下进行了扩展，带来了奈良宫花园的原始设计。考虑到几年后的发掘结果，我们不得不将这些元素分为三类。第一是直接来自中国，第二是来自朝鲜半岛，第三是日本的传统元素。在奈良宫（公元8世纪）的东宫花园上，坡岸保护工程“Suhama”类似于坟墓的斜面，例如5世纪的Suyama墓（奈良首选）。斗篷上的主要石头和花园中的信条的景观与Suyama墓和jonokoshi遗址（Mie pref）相似。虽然时间相差很长，但这并不是偶然的。但在中国、韩国和日本，他们最初有对小溪和喷泉的信仰。从现在开始，我们最好研究与独特的文化和花园的联系。

Gardens were the indispensable institution for the ancient city and were made of ponds, palaces, towers, orchards, plantations, riding ground and so on. We found some following matters in the fiscal year H13 and H14, besides we confirmed then in H15.1 The gardens in Nara palace in 8^<th> century had two types, one is pond garden styles and the other is field garden style.2 Nara palace equipped with the exclusive garden in its north.3 The main official duties of department of gardening were the management of agricultural products in the court.4 The gardens in the Nara palace and the noble residence were under the influence of Tan-dynasty and these characters were the traditional elements on the gardens in the former Tan-dynasty.The first stage of Chinese garden in Japan was made on Suiko-dynasty in the beginning of 7^<th> century. The second stage, which was extended under the influence of the peculiar (Baekje and Silla), brought the original design at the gardens on Nara palace. Considering the results of excavations in a few years, we have to divide these elements into three categories. The first is from China directly, the second is from the peninsula, the third is Japanese traditional element. On the East-palace garden in Nara palace(8^<th> century), "Suhama" which is slope shore protection works is similar to a slanting surface of tomb, example Suyama tomb in 5^<th> century (Nara pref.). The landscapes of the main stone on the capes and creed in the garden are similar to Suyama tomb and Jonokoshi-site (Mie pref.). Though the difference of times is long, they are not accident. But they has originally the faith on the stream and the fountain in China, Korea and Japan. From now on, we had better to study the connection with the peculiar culture and the garden.