A Preliminary Examination on Cities and Gardens in Ancient East Asia

园林是古城不可缺少的机构，由池塘、宫殿、塔楼、果园、种植园、骑马场等组成。我们在H13和H14财政年度发现了以下几个问题，除了我们在当时的H15.1证实了8世纪奈良宫殿的园林有两种类型外，一种是池塘园林风格，另一种是田园风格。2奈良宫殿北部设有专属花园。3园林部的主要职责是管理宫内的农产品。4奈良宫殿和贵族住宅的园林受到了谭朝的影响，这些特征是前唐时期园林中的传统元素。日本的第一阶段中国园林建立于7世纪初的隋王朝。第二阶段，在奇特(Baekje和Silla)的影响下扩展，带来了奈良宫花园的原始设计。考虑到几年来的发掘结果，我们不得不将这些元素分为三类。第一种是直接来自中国，第二种是来自半岛，第三种是日本传统元素。在奈良宫(8世纪)的东宫花园中，“Suhama”是类似于墓葬斜面的护坡工程，以5世纪(Nara优先)的Suyama陵墓为例。花园中的山顶和信条上的主石景观类似于Suyama陵墓和Jonokoshi-site(Mie首选)。虽然时差很长，但它们不是偶然的。但在中国、韩国和日本，他们本来就有对溪流和喷泉的信仰。从现在开始，我们最好研究一下它与独特的文化和园林的联系。

Gardens were the indispensable institution for the ancient city and were made of ponds, palaces, towers, orchards, plantations, riding ground and so on. We found some following matters in the fiscal year H13 and H14, besides we confirmed then in H15.1 The gardens in Nara palace in 8^<th> century had two types, one is pond garden styles and the other is field garden style.2 Nara palace equipped with the exclusive garden in its north.3 The main official duties of department of gardening were the management of agricultural products in the court.4 The gardens in the Nara palace and the noble residence were under the influence of Tan-dynasty and these characters were the traditional elements on the gardens in the former Tan-dynasty.The first stage of Chinese garden in Japan was made on Suiko-dynasty in the beginning of 7^<th> century. The second stage, which was extended under the influence of the peculiar (Baekje and Silla), brought the original design at the gardens on Nara palace. Considering the results of excavations in a few years, we have to divide these elements into three categories. The first is from China directly, the second is from the peninsula, the third is Japanese traditional element. On the East-palace garden in Nara palace(8^<th> century), "Suhama" which is slope shore protection works is similar to a slanting surface of tomb, example Suyama tomb in 5^<th> century (Nara pref.). The landscapes of the main stone on the capes and creed in the garden are similar to Suyama tomb and Jonokoshi-site (Mie pref.). Though the difference of times is long, they are not accident. But they has originally the faith on the stream and the fountain in China, Korea and Japan. From now on, we had better to study the connection with the peculiar culture and the garden.