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Pseudo-house and Pseudo-wall : A Unique Funerary Practice of the Early Pastoral Nomads in the Near East.

伪屋与伪墙：近东早期游牧民族独特的丧葬习俗。

基本信息

批准号：
13571037
负责人：
FUJII Sumio
金额：
$ 6.4万
依托单位：
Kanazawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13571037/
关键词：
NEAR EAST PASTORAL NOMADS JORDAN BURIAL PRACTICE NEOLITHIC EARLY BRONZE AGE PSEUDO-SETTLEMENT 沙漠凝集落仮説擬集落仮説

项目摘要

The purpose of this research project was to explore the origin and development of the early pastoral nomadism in the Near East in light of the pseudo-settlement hypothesis, a likely explanation for the formation process of enigmatic settlement sites in southern Levant that lack any clear evidence for practical habitation. Chosen for this purpose was the al-Jafr basin in southern Jordan.The excavations at Qa 'Abu Tulayha West in 2001-2002 and a series of investigations in the northwestern part of the al-Jafr basin in 2003 revealed that burial installations of early pastoral nomads in this basin from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age always contain a pseudo-house or its deteriorated form, pusedo-wall as annexed facilities. They also confirmed that : 1)pseudo-house cairns, which characterize the burial customs in the Late Neolithic, changed into pseudo-wall cairns in the Chalcolithic, which in turn were transformed into K-lines(i.e., a linear combination of pseudo-wall burial cairns) and pseudo-wall burial enclosures in the Early Bronze Age ; 2) this unique burial practice derived probably from the under-floor or, more precisely, under-facade burials that were popular among PPNB agro-pastoral populations to the west.This line of evidence highlights that the early pastoral nomadism in the southern Levant was established through the spread of sedentary, agro-pastoralists towards the steppe and desert, not through the import of domesticated sheep and goat by hunter-gatherers who were wandering in the arid peripheries.

这项研究项目的目的是根据伪聚落假说来探索近东早期游牧民族的起源和发展，这一假说可能是对南莱万特神秘聚落地点形成过程的一种解释，这些聚落地点缺乏任何明确的实际居住证据。2001-2002年对Qa‘Abu Tulayha West的发掘和2003年对al-Jafr盆地西北部的一系列调查表明，从新石器时代晚期到青铜时代早期，该盆地早期游牧民族的埋葬装置总是包含一座伪房屋或其退化形式，pusedo-wall作为附属设施。他们还证实：1)以新石器时代晚期墓葬习俗为特征的伪屋式凯恩斯在胆石时代演变为伪墙式凯恩斯，在青铜器时代早期又转化为K线(即伪墙式墓穴的线性组合)和伪墙式墓穴；2)这种独特的埋葬方式可能源于西边PPNB农牧人口流行的地下埋葬，或者更确切地说，是正面下埋葬。这一系列证据突出表明，南黎凡特早期的农牧游牧是通过定居的农牧牧民向草原和沙漠扩散而建立的，而不是通过在干旱的外围地区游荡的狩猎采集者进口驯养的绵羊和山羊而建立的。