Phylogenelic and evolutionary examinations on Sciuridae family in the Region of Indochinese Peninsula and Formosa

在本研究中，我们在越南南部、泰国南部、泰国中部和泰国北部进行了实地调查，并捕获了松鼠。进行了遗传和形态学检查。我们研究了灰腹松鼠、台湾松鼠、白腹条纹松鼠、印度支那条纹松鼠和克什米尔飞鼠。用不同染色方法的骨糖细胞进行核学研究。利用了一些sciuridae物种进行了遗传研究。利用肌肉和肝脏组织样本，我们对线粒体基因组的细胞染色质区、12SrRNA区、d环区进行了DNA序列分析。证实了地理和形态上的差异。此外，我们还制作并测量了颅骨标本。标本还包括保存在自然历史博物馆的标本，例如史密森学会和巴黎国家自然历史博物馆。从这些数据中，我们统计比较不同的种群和物种，以识别种群之间的地理差异。并从松鼠四肢的尸体中获得骨骼的大小和肌肉的重量，从功能形态学上考察了松鼠的运动。从颅骨形态出发，讨论了运动、进食和神经感官的进化适应。根据印度尼西亚种群生殖器官的组织学和细胞生物学资料，分析了季节性繁殖模式。在印度支那地区，研究了分布在印度支那、福尔摩沙和印度尼西亚群岛地区的松鼠的分子系统发育、头盖骨和四肢的形态适应以及各种群的季节性繁殖模式。

In this study, we undertook the field research in the south Vietnam, south Thailand, central Thailand, and north Thailand, and captured the squirrels. The genetic and morphological examinations were carried out. We examined the gray-bellied squirrel, Taiwan squirrel, white-bellied striped squirrel, Indochinese striped squirrel, and Kashmir flying squirrel. The karyological study was undertaken by using bone mallow cells in various staining methods. Some species of the sciuridae were used for the genetic studies. Using the samples of muscle and liver tissues, we undertake the DNA sequence analyzes in the mitochondrial genomes of cytochromeb, 12SrRNA, D-loop regions. The geographical and morphological variations were confirmed. In addition, we prepared and measured the skull specimens. Specimens also included those stored in natural history museum, for example, Smithsonian Institution, and Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. From these data we statistically compare various populations and species to recognize the geographical variations between populations. And the size of the bones and the weight of muscles were obtained from the carcasses in the limbs in squirrels to examine the locomotion functional-morphologically. From the skull shape, we discussed evolutionary adaptation on the locomotion, the feeding and the nervous senses. The seasonal breeding pattern was also analyzed from the histological and cell biological data in the reproductive organs in Indonesia populations. Finally In the Indochinese Region, the molecular phylogenetics, morphological adaptation in skull and limbs, and seasonal reproduction pattern have been clarified in each population in various squirrels distributed in Indochinese, Formosa and Indonesia Islands Regions.