Phylogenelic and evolutionary examinations on Sciuridae family in the Region of Indochinese Peninsula and Formosa

本研究在越南南部、泰国南部、泰国中部和泰国北部进行了野外调查，并捕获了松鼠。进行了遗传学和形态学检查。本研究以灰腹松鼠、台湾松鼠、白腹条纹松鼠、印度支那条纹松鼠及克什米尔飞鼠为研究对象。用不同染色方法对锦葵细胞进行了核型研究。一些物种的松鼠被用于遗传研究。以肌肉和肝脏组织为材料，对线粒体基因组细胞色素b、12 SrRNA、D-loop区进行了序列分析。地理和形态的变化得到证实。此外，我们还制备了颅骨标本并进行了测量。标本还包括自然历史博物馆，如史密森学会和巴黎国家自然历史博物馆。从这些数据中，我们统计比较不同的种群和物种，以识别种群之间的地理差异。并从松鼠四肢的骨骼大小和肌肉重量中获得了运动功能形态学的研究。从头骨的形状出发，讨论了在运动、摄食和神经感觉等方面的进化适应。从印尼种群生殖器官的组织学和细胞生物学数据也分析了季节性繁殖模式。最后，在中南半岛地区，阐明了分布于中南半岛、福尔摩沙和印度尼西亚群岛地区的各种松鼠的分子遗传学、头骨和四肢的形态适应性以及季节性繁殖模式。

In this study, we undertook the field research in the south Vietnam, south Thailand, central Thailand, and north Thailand, and captured the squirrels. The genetic and morphological examinations were carried out. We examined the gray-bellied squirrel, Taiwan squirrel, white-bellied striped squirrel, Indochinese striped squirrel, and Kashmir flying squirrel. The karyological study was undertaken by using bone mallow cells in various staining methods. Some species of the sciuridae were used for the genetic studies. Using the samples of muscle and liver tissues, we undertake the DNA sequence analyzes in the mitochondrial genomes of cytochromeb, 12SrRNA, D-loop regions. The geographical and morphological variations were confirmed. In addition, we prepared and measured the skull specimens. Specimens also included those stored in natural history museum, for example, Smithsonian Institution, and Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. From these data we statistically compare various populations and species to recognize the geographical variations between populations. And the size of the bones and the weight of muscles were obtained from the carcasses in the limbs in squirrels to examine the locomotion functional-morphologically. From the skull shape, we discussed evolutionary adaptation on the locomotion, the feeding and the nervous senses. The seasonal breeding pattern was also analyzed from the histological and cell biological data in the reproductive organs in Indonesia populations. Finally In the Indochinese Region, the molecular phylogenetics, morphological adaptation in skull and limbs, and seasonal reproduction pattern have been clarified in each population in various squirrels distributed in Indochinese, Formosa and Indonesia Islands Regions.