Phylogenelic and evolutionary examinations on Sciuridae family in the Region of Indochinese Peninsula and Formosa

在这项研究中，我们在越南南部、泰国南部、泰国中部和泰国北部进行了实地调查，并捕获了松鼠。并对其进行了遗传和形态检查。我们检查了灰腹松鼠、台湾松鼠、白腹条纹松鼠、印度支那条纹松鼠和克什米尔飞鼠。用不同的染色方法对骨髓细胞进行核学研究。一些种的珊瑚科被用于遗传研究。利用肌肉和肝脏组织标本，对线粒体基因组中的细胞色素B区、12SrRNA区、D-loop区进行了DNA序列分析。证实了它们在地理和形态上的变异。此外，我们还制备了颅骨标本并进行了测量。标本还包括自然历史博物馆保存的标本，例如史密森学会和巴黎国家自然历史博物馆。根据这些数据，我们对不同的种群和物种进行统计比较，以识别种群之间的地理差异。从松鼠四肢的身体中获取骨骼的大小和肌肉的重量，以检查其运动的功能形态。从头骨的形状出发，讨论了它们在运动、摄食和神经感觉上的进化适应。根据印度尼西亚种群生殖器官的组织学和细胞生物学数据，还分析了季节繁殖模式。最后，在印度支那地区，阐明了分布在印度支那、福尔摩沙和印度尼西亚群岛地区的松鼠在每个种群中的分子系统发育、头骨和四肢的形态适应以及季节繁殖模式。

In this study, we undertook the field research in the south Vietnam, south Thailand, central Thailand, and north Thailand, and captured the squirrels. The genetic and morphological examinations were carried out. We examined the gray-bellied squirrel, Taiwan squirrel, white-bellied striped squirrel, Indochinese striped squirrel, and Kashmir flying squirrel. The karyological study was undertaken by using bone mallow cells in various staining methods. Some species of the sciuridae were used for the genetic studies. Using the samples of muscle and liver tissues, we undertake the DNA sequence analyzes in the mitochondrial genomes of cytochromeb, 12SrRNA, D-loop regions. The geographical and morphological variations were confirmed. In addition, we prepared and measured the skull specimens. Specimens also included those stored in natural history museum, for example, Smithsonian Institution, and Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. From these data we statistically compare various populations and species to recognize the geographical variations between populations. And the size of the bones and the weight of muscles were obtained from the carcasses in the limbs in squirrels to examine the locomotion functional-morphologically. From the skull shape, we discussed evolutionary adaptation on the locomotion, the feeding and the nervous senses. The seasonal breeding pattern was also analyzed from the histological and cell biological data in the reproductive organs in Indonesia populations. Finally In the Indochinese Region, the molecular phylogenetics, morphological adaptation in skull and limbs, and seasonal reproduction pattern have been clarified in each population in various squirrels distributed in Indochinese, Formosa and Indonesia Islands Regions.