Seismic Risk Analysis and Countermeasures for Life Saving Lifeline in Health Care Facilities

本研究的重点是卫生保健设施，特别是医院生命线设施的地震安全。首先，对近年来发生在世界各地的破坏性地震，如2003年阿尔及利亚的泽里地震、2003年日本的宫根-北部地震、2003年日本的德立木地震、2003年伊朗的巴恩地震、2004年日本的新泻根中越地震等，对卫生保健设施的破坏情况进行了梳理，并研究了这些地震对卫生保健设施功能的影响。其次，利用问卷调查的结果，对医院在这些地震中的表现进行了检验。根据问卷调查的结果，明确了电力和水的供应性能强烈地影响震后医院的治疗。我们可以从上述地震经验中得到的教训如下：通常期望接收和治疗受伤的卫生保健设施可能会受到地震后生命线故障的影响；关闭或减少医院的容量对病人和受害者的治疗都有显著的影响。因此，医院的准备工作是一个明显的步骤，应涉及所有医院生命线的物质和功能部分。至于物理部分，结构和非结构元素都必须得到保护。此外，还研究了医疗卫生机构供水系统的地震评价方法。这种方法认为挽救生命是其主要目标，而不像其他方法认为节约经济更为重要。

The present study is focusing on a seismic safety of health care facilities, especially lifeline facilities of hospitals. First, damage to health care facilities during the past damaging earthquakes that have occurred in the recent yeas in the world such as the 2003 Zemuri Earthquake in Algeria, the 2003 Miyagiken-Hokubu Earthquake in Japan, the 2003 Tokachi-oki Earthquake in Japan, the 2003 Barn Earthquake in Iran, 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake in Japan and so on, was clarified and the effects of the damage on functions of the health care facilities were studied. Next, the performance of hospitals in these earthquakes was examined by using the results of questionnaire survey conducted by the authors. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, it is clarified that the performance of electricity and water supply strongly affects the treatment in hospitals just after an earthquake.The lessons we can get from the cited earthquake experiences above are as follows : health care facilities, which are typically expected to receive and treat injuries, can be affected by malfunction of lifeline after earthquakes ; and closing or reducing the capacity of a hospital has remarkable impact on treatment of patients and victims alike. Therefore preparation of hospitals is an obvious step that should concern both physical and functional parts of lifelines in all hospitals. With regards to the physical part, both structural and non-structural elements have to be protected.Moreover, a method of seismic evaluation of water supply system in health care facilities was studied. This methodology considers life saving as its main goal unlike other methods that consider economical savings as more important.