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Contrastive syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic studies of noun phrases

名词短语的句法、语义和语用对比研究

基本信息

批准号：
15520258
负责人：
YOSHIDA Mitsunobu
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1)We compare Japanese with English, German, and other languages with respect to noun categories, and investigate their syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties. Previous studies including Krifka (1989), Chierchia (1998) etc. argue that there is only a mass noun type as noun categories in languages with rich classifier systems (e.g. Chinese and Japanese) that lack both articles and plural morphemes. They claim that all the nouns of this language type denote kinds (classes). However, we point out that although Japanese nouns correspond to mass noun type syntactically, they nonetheless show distinction of countable mass nouns like "furniture" and non-countable mass nouns like "water". The former type refers to a minimal unit as an individual object and starts from a predicate type instead of a kind type. Therefore, Chierchia's nominal mapping parameter (1997) should be revised. Furthermore, we point out that German and English, which belong to Germanic languages, show syntactic and semantic differences with respect to the behavior of definite articles, suggesting that the nominal mapping parameter is not sufficient to explain these properties.2)We point out that Japanese has plural morphemes "-tachi" and argues that the nouns with this plural denote plural objects or associate plural objects like "Taro and his friends".3)We analyze generic meanings of Japanese noun phrases in comparison with English and German. We analyze Japanese numeral classifiers and their syntactic variations like "san-nin-no gakusei" or "gakusei san-nin" (=three students) and argue that they are derived from different underlying syntactic structures.

1）我们将日语与英语、德语和其他语言的名词类别进行比较，并研究它们的句法、语义和语用特性。以往的研究包括Krifka(1989)、Chierchia(1998)等认为，在分类词系统丰富、缺乏冠词和复数语素的语言(如汉语和日语)中，只有一种集体名词类型作为名词类别。他们声称这种语言类型的所有名词都表示种类（类）。然而，我们指出，尽管日语名词在语法上对应于质量名词类型，但它们仍然表现出可数质量名词（如“家具”）和不可数质量名词（如“水”）的区别。前一种类型是指作为单个对象的最小单位，并且从谓词类型而不是种类类型开始。因此，Chierchia 的标称映射参数（1997）应该修改。此外，我们指出属于日耳曼语言的德语和英语在定冠词行为方面表现出句法和语义差异，表明名义映射参数不足以解释这些属性。2）我们指出日语有复数语素“-tachi”，并认为具有该复数的名词表示复数对象或关联复数对象，如“太郎和他的”。朋友”。3）我们将日语名词短语的一般含义与英语和德语进行比较分析。我们分析了日语数字分类器及其句法变体，例如“san-nin-no gakusei”或“gakusei san-nin”（=三个学生），并认为它们源自不同的底层句法结构。