Comparative Syntactic and Semantic Study of German and English Nouns without Articles

本研究考察了德语和英语中不带冠词的裸单数名词的句法和语义特征，特别是裸并列名词、裸谓词名词和介词短语中的裸名词。首先，我们认为，裸坐标NP涉及的功能[+分裂，+复数]，使他们被解释为明确的，不确定的，和一般的论点。此外，我们指出，裸坐标NP，与最佳的表示，可以更经济的NP与文章。第二，与英语相比，德语中的裸谓语名词在系动词句中使用得更频繁，如“Er ist Komponist”。他是个作曲家。在成员属性（国籍、工作等）都在名单上此外，我们还发现，在英语和德语中，介词和裸名词的功能作为动词分为地点，机构，目标，方式和工具。在这些情况下，处所介词如at、in、on和to被使用，而在德语中则出现an、auf、in和zu。当一个PP与一个裸名词表示一个地方/目标或一个机构的地方（医院，监狱等）暗示了非特定对象（地点）的存在，并增加了习惯意义。

In this research, we investigated syntactic and semantic properties of bare singular nouns without articles in German and English, especially with respect to bare coordinate NPs, bare predicative nouns, and bare nouns in prepositional phrases. First, we argued that bare coordinate NPs involve the features[+ division,+ plural] so that they are interpreted as definite, indefinite, and generic arguments. Further, we pointed out that bare coordinate NPs, with an optimal representation, can be more economic than NPs with articles. Second, by contrasting with English, bare predicate nouns are used more frequently in German in copular sentences as in“Er ist Komponist.”(=He is a composer.) in contexts in which membership properties(nationalities, jobs etc.) are listed. In addition, we showed that in English and German, prepositions and bare nouns functioning as adjuncts are classified into locations, institutions, goals, manner and instruments. In these cases locative prepositions like at, in, on and to are used while in German an, auf, in and zu occur. When a PP with a bare noun denotes a place/ goal or an institutional place(hospital, jail, etc.) the existence of a nonspecific object(place) is implied and habitual meanings are added.