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The Dispersion, Adaptation, and Acculturation of the Ainu Culture in the Kuril Islands

阿伊努文化在千岛群岛的传播、适应和涵化

基本信息

批准号：
15520486
负责人：
TEZUKA Kaoru
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
Historical Museum of Hokkaido
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Kuril Islands provide uniquely laboratory-like conditions for the following research concern. In the past 4,000-years three distinct subsistence cultures successively inhabited and abandoned the Kuril Islands. Colonies of industrialized nations have occupied the region. Taken together these occupations represent a trajectory of growing technological capacity, organizational complexity, and integration of social, economic and political networks providing a framework for building up to contemporary complexities. The author also assume that the smaller, more isolated, higher latitude (central and northern) island would have been less attractive for sustained settlement in the early and mid-Holocene, but we also have reason to believe that sites earlier than 2500 B.P. remain to be found there.Additionally, previous research on prehistoric maritime cultures of the north Pacific has tended to focus primarily on questions of ecology and adaptation. On the Asian side of the Pacific, it has been accepted for some time that state societies probably had a significant influence on coastal foragers and this is seen as a major difference between Northeast Asian and North American maritime cultures. This project research takes this concern with adaptation to a harsh environment in a sub-Arctic zone and settlement systems as a breakthrough but attempts to place Kuril Ainu adaptations within the political economy of Northeast Asia since the medieval times. It also contributes to the understanding of interactions between the insular and remote Kuril Ainu and the East Asian World System.

千岛群岛为以下研究提供了独特的实验室般的条件。在过去的4,000年里，三种不同的生存文化先后在千岛群岛居住和遗弃。工业化国家的殖民地占领了该地区。综合起来，这些职业代表了一个不断增长的技术能力，组织复杂性和社会，经济和政治网络的整合的轨迹，为建立当代复杂性提供了一个框架。作者还假设，越小，越孤立，纬度越高，（中部和北方）岛屿在全新世早期和中期对于持续定居的吸引力较小，但我们也有理由相信那里仍然存在早于2500 BP的遗址。此外，以往对北太平洋史前海洋文化的研究，主要集中在生态学和适应性问题上。在太平洋的亚洲一侧，国家社会可能对沿海觅食者产生了重大影响，这被视为东北亚和北美海洋文化之间的主要差异。本项目研究以适应亚北极地区恶劣环境和定居系统为突破口，但试图将千岛阿伊努人自中世纪以来的适应置于东北亚的政治经济中。它还有助于了解孤立和偏远的千岛阿伊努人与东亚世界体系之间的相互作用。