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A Study on the Application of Central Place Theory to National Land Planning of Nazi Germany

中心地理论在纳粹德国国家土地规划中的应用研究

基本信息

批准号：
15520504
负责人：
SUGIURA Yoshio
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15520504/
关键词：
central place theory Christaller Nazi Germany national land planning mixed central place system history of geography

项目摘要

1. The main motivation of Nazi Germany to apply central place theory to national land planning is due to Konrad Meyer's attention to the theory, who was a professor of agriculture in Berlin University and also the chief of the Reich Association for Area Research. In addition to it, after having finished his Ph. D. dissertation, Christaller got to be connected with volkisch geographers like Friedrich Metz in Freiburg University, and through this channel he was also gradually involved in area planning.2. In Nazi Germany, national land planners pursued a hierarchically structured country not only to solve an imbalance of population distribution, but also to acquire raw materials and to supply food efficiently. Christaller's extended thesis on settlement system which had been presented at the 1938 IGC in Amsterdam met their needs in that his thesis took into account as that system element reclaimed settlement and industrial settlement as well as central place.3. Although after Nazi German occupation of Poland in September, 1939, central place theory was going to be applied to spatial planning to reorganize settlements in the eastern occupied areas, the literature in Polish suggests that in advance of it, by the request of the Reich Association for Area Research geographers in Breslau University made a plan in 1937 to construct a central place network in terms of border defenses in Silesia bordered by Poland.4. Because only citation analysis of relevant literature could not closely capture influences of central place theory upon plans on settlement arrangement proposed by other disciplines, a literature reading work in detail is indispensable in other disciplinary fields.5. An investigation of Christaller's papers written in 1940s will reveal the process that after 1939 Nazi Germany had actually applied central place theory in occupied Poland.

1. 纳粹德国将中心地理论应用于国家土地规划的主要动机是由于Konrad Meyer对该理论的关注，他是柏林大学的农业教授，也是帝国区域研究协会的负责人。除此之外，在完成博士论文之后，Christaller与弗莱堡大学的Friedrich Metz等民族地理学家建立了联系，并通过这个渠道逐渐参与到区域规划中。在纳粹德国，国家土地规划者追求一个等级结构的国家，不仅是为了解决人口分布的不平衡，也是为了获得原材料和有效地供应食物。Christaller在1938年阿姆斯特丹IGC上提出的关于定居系统的扩展论文满足了他们的需要，因为他的论文考虑到了开垦定居和工业定居以及中心位置这一系统要素。虽然在1939年9月纳粹德国占领波兰后，中心地理论将被应用于空间规划以重组东部占领区的定居点，但波兰文献表明，在此之前，应帝国区域研究协会的要求，布雷斯劳大学的地理学家于1937年在与波兰接壤的西里西亚边境防御方面制定了一个中心地网络的计划。由于仅对相关文献进行引文分析并不能很好地反映中心地理论对其他学科提出的聚落安排方案的影响，因此，在其他学科领域，详细的文献阅读工作是必不可少的。对Christaller在20世纪40年代写的论文的调查将揭示1939年之后纳粹德国在被占领的波兰实际应用中心地理论的过程。