BRITTLE SCHOLASTIC ATTAINMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ON MATHEMATICS

本研究旨在找出小学儿童在数学领域学业成就脆弱的原因，并探讨克服的对策。在给儿童分配各种困难的问题时，只有少数高学业成绩的儿童表现出持续的高成绩，而低学业成绩的儿童表现出持续的低成绩。学业成就中间层的表现通常很有特色。该曲线表现为函数难度急剧下降的问题。因此，孩子们在简单的任务上看起来像是高成就者，在困难的任务上看起来像是低成就者。我们可以称之为学业成就的脆性急剧下降。对于学习成绩不佳的学生，即使是在简单和标准的任务上也表现得很差，我们很容易找到他们。但是，由于中学生在标准任务中的高表现，我们往往忽视了他们的脆性。我们必须用刻意的问题来发现它。本研究表明，学业成就的脆性是由于缺乏充分的理解而造成的，结构知识的传授是有效的。

The present study aims to identify causes of britlleness of scholastic attainment of elementary school children on mathematics area and investigate countermeasures to overcome.When we assign problems of various difficulty to children, only few high-scholastic children show constant high performance and low-scholastic children do constant low performance. The performance of the middle layer of scholastic attainment is usually very characteristic. The curve of performance is sharp decline in the function of difficulty of problems. So the children look like high-achievers on easy tasks and low-achievers on difficult ones. We could call this sharp decline britlleness of scholastic attainment.For poor learners show poor performance even on easy and standard tasks, we can find them very easily. But we often overlook britlleness of middle learners by their high performance on standard tasks. We have to use deliberate problems to discover it.The present study showed that britlleness of scholastic attainment was caused by working-out without full understanding and instruction of stractural knowledge was effective.