DISAPPEARING SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT D AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN QUALITY OF LEARNING AND EXTANT ABILITIES

(a)调查结果表明，大学生从大一到大四在某些方面的基本学业成绩呈明显下降趋势。(b)高年级学生在高中期间通过死记硬背获得的基本学术知识和入学考试准备已经消失。但他们通过理解而获得的成就却没有。(c)理解材料的学生有额外的知识，使项目之间的关系是必要的。(d)当那些死记硬背的学生被给予额外的知识，使项目之间的关系成为必要时，他们就能够处理这些问题，他们也能很好地推迟考试。(e)提出了用知识状态来描述理解的理论，以及区分理解和死记硬背的理论。

(a) This investigation showed intense declines of fundamental scholastic achievement of college students in some areas from freshmen to upperclassmen.(b) Fundamental scholastic achievment of upperclassmen acquired by rote learning during high schools and preparations for entrance examinations had disappeared. But their achievement acquired by understanding had not.(c) Students who had understood materials had additional knowledge to make the relation between items necessary.(d) When students who had learned subjects by rote were given additional knowledge to make the relation between items necessary, they became to be able to handle subjects, and they did well as to delayd tests, too.(e) Theories to describe understanding by the state of knowledge and discriminate understanding from rote learning are suggested.