Bioactive natural compounds obtained from arthropods

1)Volicitin [N-（17-hydroxylinolenoyl）-L-glutaminol]是一种昆虫产生的植物挥发性物质诱导剂。本研究首次以斜纹夜蛾幼虫的肠道组织为材料，研究了volicitin的体外生物合成。volicitin的羟基亚油酰基部分的绝对构型被确定为17-S在斜纹夜蛾中的高对映体过量。此外，N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酰胺的活性仅为volicitin的约30%。在合成的伏立汀相关化合物中，只有谷氨酰胺结合物诱导玉米幼苗挥发性化合物的排放。另一方面，我们发现受棉铃虫危害的玉米叶片中有微弱的光子排放。有趣的是，玉米叶细胞与从毛虫幼虫中获得的化学物质之间的直接相互作用触发了光子发射。2）Pumiliotoxins非常广泛地分布在新热带区的含幼虫的无尾两栖动物中。我们证明pumiliotoxin 237 A，251 D和8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193 H从oribatated螨提取物。在各种无尾两栖类的提取物中发现的一些短小毒素和相关的同类物可能是阿米特来源的。3）从螨类中获得的一些特殊物质，如后突腺的分泌物，被怀疑是抗原之一。我们在特应性皮炎患者的斑贴试验中发现α-螨啶呈阳性反应。在这项研究中，我们证明了刚毛根螨（无气门目：螨科）的雌性性信息素被鉴定为S-robinal，类似于α-螨。此外，我们还建立了种特异性ITS序列，可用于散光螨的物种鉴定和低水平系统发育关系的研究。

1) Volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] is known as an insect-produced plant volatiles elicitor. In this study, the in vitro biosynthesis of volicitin was demonstrated for the first time by using gut tissues of Spodoptera litura larvae. The absolute configuration of the hydroxylinolenoyl moiety of volicitin was determined to 17-S in high enantiomeric excess in S.litura. Furthermore, N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine was only about 30% as active as volicitin. Among synthesized volicitin-related compounds, only glutamine conjugate induced the emission of volatile compounds from corn seedlings. On the other hand, we found uktraweak phton emissions from maize leaves damaged by Heilcovera armigera. Interestingly, the direct interaction between maize leaf cells and chemicals obtained from caterpillar regurgitants triggers the phton emissions.2) Pumiliotoxins are very widely distributed in alkaloids-containing anurans from the neotropics. We demonstrated pumiliotoxin 237A, 251D and 8-deoxypumiliotoxin 193H from oribated mite extracts. It appears possible that some of the pumiliotoxins and related congeners found in extracts of various anurans have amite origin3) Some particular substances obtained from mites, such as secretions from opisthonothal glands are suspected as one of antigens. We happened to find α-acaridial showed a positive reaction in patch tests for atopic dermatitis patients. In this study, we demonstrated that the female sex pheromone of Rhizoglyphus setosus (Astigmata : Acaridae) was identified as S-robinal, which is analogous to α-acaridial. Furthermore, we established the species-specific ITS sequence useful for the species identification of astigmatid mites and for studying low-level phylogenetic relationships.