Molecular analysis of excretory-secretory products of Trichinella causing muscle cell transformation.

旋毛虫和假螺旋锥虫感染可引起肌肉细胞转化和卫星细胞增殖，旋毛虫形成典型的囊肿，而假螺旋锥虫形成很差的囊肿。我们建立了两个编码假螺旋体相关蛋白的克隆，发现这两个蛋白在旋毛虫引起的肌肉细胞转化、囊肿形成和寄生持续中起重要作用。螺旋锥虫囊内的护理细胞包括至少两种细胞质，分别来自肌肉细胞或卫星细胞。结果表明，两种旋毛虫和两种来源的旋毛虫囊内的护理细胞质存在差异。采用时间序列研究了小鼠感染螺旋体和假螺旋体后的组织病理学变化。前者在感染后约18天形成囊肿，明显的肌病局限于腹腔内，而后者未形成典型的囊肿，肌病弥漫性扩散到感染肌肉组织，占肌肉切片的一半面积。为了寻找护士细胞形成的候选基因，我们对感染旋毛虫前后的肌肉组织进行了cDNA芯片分析。感染后，几个基因表达增加，这些基因在感染后负责细胞的分化、增殖、细胞周期和凋亡。旋毛虫感染的肌肉在包封过程中线粒体凋亡相关基因的表达升高。这些蛋白在护理细胞的嗜碱性细胞质（受感染的肌细胞来源）中表达。受感染的肌肉细胞通过细胞凋亡的过程转化并死亡，细胞凋亡是由新形成的线粒体的因子引发的。抗凋亡因子可能有助于嗜酸性细胞质的存活，以保证护理细胞的功能。研究TNF-α/TNF受体1信号通路中介导细胞凋亡的因子的表达。感染肌肉组织在囊肿形成初期上调促凋亡基因和抗凋亡基因的表达。囊肿形成后，表达恢复到正常水平。从旋毛虫cDNA文库中建立了一个cDNA克隆。编码烯醇化酶的cDNA克隆，在糖酵解途径中催化2-磷酸d -甘油酸可逆转化为磷酸烯醇丙酮酸。少

Infection with Trichinella spiralis or T.pseudospiralis causes muscle cell transformation and satellite cell proliferation, and T.spiralis forms typical cyst but T.pseudospiralis forms very poor cyst. We established two clones encoding the T.pseudospiralis excretory-secretory proteins related to the T.spiralis proteins, and revealed that these two proteins are important for muscle cell transformation, cyst formation and continuation of parasitism due to Trichinella.The nurse cell in the cyst of T.spiralis comprises at least two kinds of cytoplasm, derived from muscle or satellite cells. We revealed that the nurse cell cytoplasm differed between the two Trichinella species and between the two origins of cytoplasm in the cyst of T.spiralis. A time course study was performed to reveal the sequence of histopathology after T.spiralis or T.pseudospiralis infection in mice. A cyst was formed in the former case by about 18 days post infection and prominent myopathy was restricted within the cy … More st. In the latter case, however, no typical cyst was formed, and myopathy spread diffusely over the infected muscle tissues occupying half area of muscle sections.To search for the candidate genes responsible for nurse cell formation, cDNA microarray analysis of muscle tissues was performed before and after Trichinella infection. After the infection, several genes increased expression, and these genes after the infection responsible for cell differentiation, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis.The expression of mitochondrial apoptosis related genes is elevated in Trichinella spiralis-infected muscles during encapsulation. These were expressed in the basophilic cytoplasm (infected muscle cell origin) of the nurse cells. The infected muscle cells transform but die through the process of apoptosis, which is triggered by factors from the newly formed mitochondria. The anti-apoptosis factor may help the eosinophilic cytoplasm with its survival to ensure nurse cell function. The expression of the factors of TNF-α/TNF receptor 1 signaling pathway mediating apoptosis was investigated. The infected muscle tissues up-regulate the expression of proapoptosis genes, and anti-apoptosis genes at the beginning of cyst formation. The expression returned to the normal level after cyst formation.We established a cDNA clone from the cDNA library constructed from Trichinella spiralrs. A cDNA clone, encoded enolase that catalyzed a reversible conversion of 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway. Less