A study on cognitive and physiological grounding for metaphoric structures in natural language

自然语言隐喻结构的认知和生理基础研究

• 批准号: 16500159
• 负责人: SHINOHARA Kazuko
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16500159/
• 关键词: metaphor; cognition; concept; embodiment; space; time; motion; sound symbolism; 感情; 音声イメージ; 空間認知; 参照枠; 語義; 時間メタファー; 感情メタファー; 接続詞

In this project, research has been carried out on the cognitive and embodied properties of metaphoric structures of the conceptual domains of (1) space, (2) time, (3) emotion, and the phenomenon of (4) sound symbolism. Our studies have revealed the following points.SPACE(1) Ego's frontal motion facilitates the shift of spatial reference frame from Reflection to Translation.(2) In Japanese there exists a phenomenon we call "figure-aligned projection", where the axes of the Figure Object is projected onto the Reference Object.(3) Japanese spatial terms "mae," "ushiro," "temae," "saki," and "mukou" include specifications of spatial reference frames as their semantic property. They also have semantic features that cannot be reduced to reference frames.TIME(4) In the space-to-time metaphors, the spatial uses of FRONT/BACK terms correlates with their temporal uses. Implication of Ego's frontal motion plays a role in this extension.(5) Temporal conjunctions that are derived from spatial terms preserve the image-schematic structures of their spatial construals.EMOTION(6) English and Japanese have different metaphorical mappings from digestive systems to emotion. Japanese has more elaborated extensions to various emotions such as anger, anxiety, and surprise. In English, digestive system does not seem to extend to the domain of anger.SOUND SYMBOLISM(7) Sound symbolism is seen beyond onomatopoeia. Some phonological features (height of vowels, sonorancy) are related to certain meanings like LARGE/SMALL, HARD/SOFT, etc. These constitute an instantiation of embodied properties of natural language.

本课题研究了（1）空间、（2）时间、（3）情感概念域的隐喻结构的认知特性和具身特性，以及（4）声音象征现象的认知特性和具身特性。研究结果表明：（1）自我的正面运动促进了空间参照系从反射向平移的转换。(2)在日语中存在一种现象，我们称之为“图形对齐投影”，即图形对象的轴投影到参考对象上。(3)日语空间术语“mae”、“ushiro”、“temae”、“萨基”和“mukou”包括空间参考框架的规范作为其语义属性。时间（4）在时空隐喻中，前后词语的空间用法与时间用法相关。自我的正面运动的含义在这一延伸中起着作用。(5)由空间词派生的时间连词保持了空间词的意象图式结构。（6）英语和日语从消化系统到情感的隐喻映射不同。日语对各种情绪有更详细的扩展，如愤怒，焦虑和惊讶。在英语中，消化系统似乎没有延伸到愤怒的领域。声音象征（7）声音象征是超越拟声词的。一些语音特征（元音的高度，响亮性）与某些意义有关，如大/小，硬/软等，这些构成了自然语言的体现属性的实例。

项目成果

Onshoochoo to shintaisei

Onshoochoo 到 新大成

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Kotoba to Ningen vol.6
• 作者: Shinohara;Kazuko;Shigeto Kawahara;Akira Nakayama;Yoshihiro Matsunaka.
• 通讯作者: Yoshihiro Matsunaka.

Conceptualization and expression of spatial relations in Japanese.

日语空间关系的概念化和表达。

• 期刊: Empirical and Experimental Methods in Cognitive/Functional Research. (in print)
• 作者: Shinohara Kazuko;Yoshihiro Matsunaka.
• 通讯作者: Yoshihiro Matsunaka.

音象徴と身体性

声音的象征意义和物质性

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: ことげと人間 6
• 作者: 篠原和子;川原繁人;中山晃;松中義大
• 通讯作者: 松中義大

Jikan metaphor ni okeru saki no yoohoo to chokujiteki jikankaishaku.

Jikan 隐喻 ni okeru saki no yoohoo to chokujiteki jikankaishaku。

• 期刊: Kotoba, Kuukan, Shintai (in print)
• 作者: Shinohara;Kazuko.
• 通讯作者: Kazuko.

時間メタファーにおける図と地の問題

时间隐喻中的图形和背景问题

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: メタファー研究の最前線
• 作者: Kageura;Kyo.;篠原和子
• 通讯作者: 篠原和子