Stadtwerdung und Entwicklung Ulms im Hoch- und Spätmittelalter. Auswertung der Großgrabung Neue Straße 2001-2004 und von Altgrabungen (Münsterplatz, Schellergasse, Vestgasse u.a.)

自中世纪以来，乌尔姆就属于德国南部最重要的城镇：9世纪左右是一座富丽堂皇的城镇，11世纪下半叶起成为斯瓦比亚公爵的主要城镇，12世纪和13世纪是施陶芬家族的主要住所，乌尔姆发展成为神圣罗马帝国最强大的帝国城市之一。目前的考古评估甚至指出，作为一个中心的功能更早开始，并建议在墨洛温王朝时期的起源。巴登-符滕贝格文化遗产办公室在过去的三十年里一直在乌尔姆进行重大挖掘，挖掘出了大量的考古数据。大规模的挖掘新大街（2001年至2004年）保持了一个突出的位置，因为它允许一个部分通过整个中世纪的小镇。它还显示了良好的保存和大量的确认和复杂的地层序列，因此可以得出关于定居点早期发展的重要结论。该研究项目的目的是在全市范围内评估乌尔姆的所有考古露头。有针对性地评估挖掘数据应该为城镇的发展提供一个复杂的模型。由于其历史意义和特殊的考古资料，乌尔姆在探索中世纪盛期早期城市化过程中占据了关键地位。

Since the Middle Ages, Ulm belongs to the most important towns in southern Germany: a palatial town around the 9th century, the principal town of the Dukes of Swabia from the second half of the 11th century onwards, a prime domicile for the House of Staufen in the 12th and 13th century, Ulm developed into one of the mightiest Reichsstädte (imperial cities) in the Holy Roman Empire. The current archaeological assessments even point towards an earlier beginning of the functioning as a central place and suggest an origin in Merovingian times. The State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg has been conducting major excavations in Ulm for the last thirty years that have brought to light a multitude of archaeological data. The largescale excavation Neue Straße (2001 to 2004) keeps an outstanding position as it allowed a section through the whole of the high medieval town. It also revealed excellent preservation and a high number of confirmed and complex stratigraphic sequences and therefore allowed important conclusions about the early development of the settlement. The aim of this research project is to evaluate all archaeological outcrops in Ulm in a citywide framework. A targeted evaluation of the excavation data is supposed to provide a sophisticated model for the development of the town. Due to its historical significance and the exceptional archaeological data, Ulm occupies a key position in the exploration of a yet dimly illuminated early urbanization process in the High Middle Ages.