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Analyses and application of self-incompatibility gene products in the Japanese pear

日本梨自交不亲和性基因产物分析及应用

基本信息

批准号：
14560021
负责人：
HIRATSUKA Shin
金额：
$ 2.69万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In pollen tubes treated with S-RNase in vitro, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) activities showed little reduction, but invertase (INV) and glutaraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) were strongly inactivated. PEPC and ICDH may be present as a protein form in a pollen grain, whereas INV and GPD may be newly synthesized during pollen-tube development. The enzymes involved in energy metabolism such as INV and GPD may be targets of S-RNase.Cultivar difference in S4-RNase distribution in the style was investigated using the S4-RNase atiserum. 'Kosui' contained higher S4-RNase in upper and middle part of the style, but 'Nijisseiki' did in middle part. The S4-RNase was clearly detected immunologically in 'Osa-Nijisseiki' style and almost all the RNase contained in upper style of the cultivar.S-RNase gene expression was cultivar dependent; lower expression of S2-RNase was observed in 'Gold-Niisseiki' and 'Osa-Nijisseiki'. S4-RNase expression was lower in 'Kosui', 'Osa-Nijisseiki', and so on. Clear relationships, however, were not observed between the gene expression and S-RNase content.S2-RNase gene expression declined by 20% of control (the day of anthesis) two days after pollination; pollination type (cross-, self-, or non-pollination) seemed not to affect the expression level. However, the level one day after pollination showed following order; cross>non>self. The style may recognize its mate and regulate S-RNase expression during early stages of pollen-tube elongation.Fruit set was 19.4% following self-pollination in weakly self-incompatible 'Okusankichi', whereas no fruit was obtained in strongly self-incompatible 'Hakko'. Several individuals among the F1 progenies between both cultivars showed a self fruitful character, indicating that weak incompatibility of 'Okusankichi' is heritable. Thus, breeding of self-thinning cultivar will be successful in the near future.

S-RNase处理花粉管后，磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶（PEPC）和异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICDH）活性略有降低，而转化酶（INV）和戊二醛3-磷酸脱氢酶（GPD）活性明显失活。PEPC和ICDH可能以蛋白质形式存在于花粉粒中，而INV和GPD可能在花粉管发育过程中新合成。参与能量代谢的INV、GPD等酶可能是S-RNase的靶标。利用S4-RNase抗血清研究了S4-RNase在花柱中分布的品种差异。“小井”在上部和中部含有较高的S4-RNase，而“二井”在中部含有较高的S4-RNase。S4-RNase在‘osa - nijisisiki’花柱和几乎所有上花柱中均有明显的免疫检测。S-RNase基因表达具有品种依赖性；S2-RNase在‘Gold-Niisseiki’和‘Osa-Nijisseiki’中表达较低。S4-RNase在‘Kosui’、‘osa - nijisisiki’等中表达量较低。然而，基因表达与S-RNase含量之间没有明显的关系。授粉后2天S2-RNase基因表达量比对照（开花日）下降20%；授粉类型（异花授粉、自花授粉和非授粉）似乎对表达水平没有影响。授粉后1 d的水平依次为：交叉>非>自我。花柱可能在花粉管伸长早期识别配偶并调控S-RNase的表达。自交不亲和性弱的‘奥山木’自交授粉后坐果率为19.4%，而自交不亲和性强的‘客家’自交授粉后坐果率为零。两个品种间的F1后代中有几个个体表现出自结实的特征，说明‘奥山吉’的弱不亲和性是可遗传的。因此，自疏栽培品种的选育将在不久的将来取得成功。