Quantized Tunneling Processes and Novel Methods

森田研制了一台超高真空原子力/隧道显微镜(UHV-AFM/STM)，可实现0.1pN的探测和1.5 nm的静电力测量分辨率。Ichinokawa将扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和扫描俄歇显微镜(SAM)相结合，实现了与扫描隧道显微镜和扫描俄歇显微镜同时观察同一区域。Takayanagi用透射电子显微镜观察了带有STM的石墨的阶梯结构，并将STM图像与STM针尖的形状进行了关联。Ushioda通过观察金粒子、多孔硅和R6G分子在HOPG上的STM光发射，研究了STM的高发射机制。利用蒙特卡罗方法，Uozumi发现，当一维粒子阵列的一部分与电场方向相反时，出现负阻。Ohtsu改进了光子扫描隧道显微镜的性能，近场发射和探测效率提高了30-1000倍。Itaya用扫描隧道显微镜观察到清洁的Au和碘在电解液和超高真空中对Au的吸附，发现碘的吸附降低了势垒高度。Uozaki用电化学光谱方法证明了半导体/水溶液与表面处理界面的表面态的引入和去除。Mukasa发展了自旋极化的STM，并实现了在UHV中检测自旋极化和进行STS。利用角度分辨隧道谱，Ozaki发现与Ti-Se_2相比，具有小角度依赖关系的1T-TaS_2的CDW表现出更小的角度依赖关系

Morita developed an ultrahigh vacuum atomic force/tunneling microscope (UHV-AFM/STM), and achieved 0.1pN detection and 1.5nm resolution for the electrostatic force measurement. Ichinokawa combined a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with a scanning Auger microscope (SAM), and achieved to observe the same area with the STM and the SAM,simultaneously. Takayanagi observed step structures of a Graphite with an STM holded in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and correlated the STM image with the shape of the STM tip aspex. Ushioda investigated the STM high emission mechanism by observing the STM light emission from gold particles, porous silicon and R6G molecules on HOPG.Using Monte Carlo method, Uozumi found thet, when a part of one dimensional particle array is in the opposite direction to the electric field, the negative resistance appears. Ohtsu improved the performance of the photon STM,and achieved 30-1000 times higher near-field emission and detection efficiency. Itaya observed a clean Au and iodine adsorbed Au surfaces both in the electrolyte solution and in a UHV by the STM,and found that the iodine adsorption decreases the barrier height. Uozaki demonstrated introduction and removal of the surface states at semiconductor/aqueous solution interface with the surface treatments by using the electrochemical spectroscopic method. Mukasa developed spin-polarized STM,and achieved to detect spin polarization and to do STS in a UHV.Using angle-resolved tunneling spectroscopy, Ozaki found that 1T-TaS_2 with a small angle dependence of CDW shows small angle dependence of tunneling spectra compared with that of Ti-Se_2