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Studies on character and sociality of fishes using self-feeding mathod.

利用自食法研究鱼类的性状和社会性。

基本信息

批准号：
14560147
负责人：
KOHBARA Jun
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14560147/
关键词：
self-feeding learning ability hierarchy sociality goldfish bluegill

项目摘要

"Self-feeding" is an effective tool for studying the sociality of fish group. That is to say, the place of switch of self-feeding system in a tank is recognized as a good baiting field by fish and a competition must occur for occupying this nice place between individuals. Under such a competitive circumstance, the social hierarchy may be established within a fish group and there is a possibility that this complex process can be analyzed using self-feeding method. In this experiment, we analyze the social dominance of bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus and goldfish Carassius auratus using both switch activating frequency and food in take frequency of fish individuals under self-feeding condition.Self-feeding behavior of two individuals with distinguishable colored markers implanted at the basal part of dorsal fin was recorded with video camera and whether which fish activated the switch and whether which fish took the delivered food was observed. Two sets of competition experiment wer … More e established simultaneously, and if the rank is observed at the end of the experiments, then a new experimental group was established using a combination of dominant individuals from the former experimental tanks. At the meantime, a new experimental group using a combination of subordinate individuals was also established. And then, 2 competition experiments were repeated again and their self-feeding behavior was observed.In the competition experiment, individual concerning the switch activation and the individual that is not concerned were observed in both fish species. This may be due to the difference in the learning ability of each individual. The discrepancy of switch activation frequency between two individuals became larger and larger by the time courses of the experiments, and this may be due to the re-enforcement of learning by the repetition of the switch activation in self-feeding behavior. Concerning the food intake frequency, however, large difference was observed between two fish species. In goldfish, even the subordinate that did not operate the switch was able to take pellet, and the body weight increased. On the contrary, the subordinate in bluegill could not take pellet by the suppression by dominant fish, and the body weight of the subordinate decreased. Therefore, in the bluegill, the difference in the learning ability for the self-feeding and its aggressive temperament complementarily promoted the production of the strong social hierarchy in the fish group. In the goldfish, it is indicated that the social hierarchy may not exist in this species, though the difference of the learning ability for the self-feeding do exists. Less

“自食”是研究鱼类群体社会性的有效工具。也就是说，鱼缸中自喂系统的开关位置被鱼认为是一个很好的诱饵场，个体之间必须进行竞争来占据这个好位置。在这样的竞争环境下，鱼群内部可能会建立社会等级制度，这一复杂的过程有可能用自食法来分析。本实验利用自食条件下鱼个体的开关激活频率和取食频率分析了蓝鳃太阳鱼和金鱼鲫鱼的社会优势度。在背鳍基部植入可区分颜色的标记物，用摄像机记录两条鱼的自食行为，观察是哪条鱼激活了开关，哪条鱼拿走了传递的食物。同时建立两组竞争实验，如果在实验结束时观察到排名，则使用前实验池中的优势个体组合建立一个新的实验组。同时，建立了下属个体组合的新实验组。再重复2次竞争实验，观察其自食行为。在竞争实验中，两种鱼类都观察到与开关激活相关的个体和与开关激活无关的个体。这可能是由于每个人的学习能力不同。随着实验时间的推移，个体间开关激活频率的差异越来越大，这可能是由于自食行为中开关激活的重复对学习的再强化。而在摄食频率方面，两种鱼之间存在较大差异。在金鱼中，即使没有操作开关的下属也能吃到颗粒，体重也增加了。相反，受优势鱼的抑制，下级蓝鳃鱼不能吃颗粒，体重下降。因此，在蓝鳃鱼中，自食学习能力的差异与其攻击性气质相辅相成，促进了鱼类群体中强烈社会等级的产生。在金鱼中，社会等级制度可能不存在，但自食学习能力的差异确实存在。少