A study for setting goals of physical activity level according to the fitness and health status for the elderly

与健康或健康状况或生活环境相匹配的适当运动对于老年人保持足够的行动能力和在临终前保持独立是必不可少的。散步和体操，所有老年人都可以根据自己的身体状况随时随地进行，被认为是这样的运动。然而，诸如“一个人应该走多长时间？”或者“体操的效果是什么？”在具有不同体能水平的广泛老年人中几乎没有得到评估。在这项研究中，我们通过测量身体活动(使用带有加速度传感器的计步器)和营养摄入量，以及测量生活环境和健康状况不同的广泛的老年人的常规健康项目，来评估根据他们的健康状况或健康状况向老年人推荐的体力活动水平。这项调查包括测量体力活动(使用带有加速度传感器的计步器)和营养摄入状况更多的h状态。我们收集了约700名不同运动习惯和健身/健康水平的老年人的数据，其中包括住在京都、神户市港岛地区和宫城县Ichihazama镇的老年人，一直打软式排球的老年人，以及膝盖或臀部有问题的老年人。结果表明：(1)总能量消耗、运动能量消耗和步数均随年龄增长而减少，女性每10年减少约2000步。(2)生活在冬季降雪量不大的近木地区的受试者，夏季和冬季的活动水平没有差异，但冬季的活动水平下降到60-70%，与生活在东北地区的受试者相比，冬季的BMI增加了60%-70%。东北地区的冬季户外活动明显受到大雪的抑制。(3)活动指数(每日总能量消耗/基础代谢)与步数密切相关，可将老年人根据身体健康状况推荐的活动水平表示为步数。此外，(4)老年人的活动水平可以在不紧张的情况下逐步提高，方法是根据个人步数记录，每2周至1个月设定比目前水平高10%-20%的目标。较少

Appropriate exercise matched for the fitness or health status or the living environment is indispensable for the elderly to retain sufficient mobility and to remain independent to their last days. Walking and gymnastics, which all elderly people can perform anytime and anywhere according to their physical condition, are considered to be such exercise. However, questions such as "How long should one walk?" or "What are the effects of gymnastics?" have been scarcely evaluated in a wide range of elderly people with different levels of physical abilities. In this study, we evaluated physical activity levels recommendable to elderly people according to their fitness or health status in terms of the number of steps by a survey consisting of measurement of physical activities (using a pedometer with an acceleration sensor) and the state of nutritional intakes in addition to measurement of conventional items of fitness in a wide range of elderly people different in living environment and healt … More h status. We have collected data from about 700 elderly people with different exercise habits and fitness/health levels consisting of those living at home in Kyoto City, Port Island area of Kobe City, and Ichihazama Town, Miyagi Prefecture, those who had been playing soft-volleyball, and those with risk of knee or hip problems. The data indicated the following.(1)The total energy expenditure, energy expenditure by exercise, and number of steps all decreased with aging, and the decreases in the number of steps were about 2,000 per 10 years in the females. (2)The activity level did not differ between summer and winter in the subjects who lived in the Kinki region, where snowfall in winter is not large, but it decreased to 60-70% with an increase in BMI during winter compared with those during summer in the subjects who lived in the Tohoku region, where outdoor activities during winter are markedly inhibited by heavy snowfall. (3)The activity index (daily total energy expenditure/basal metabolism) was closely correlated with the number of steps, so that recommended levels of activities for elderly people according to the fitness or health status can be expressed as numbers of steps. Also, (4)the activity level of elderly people may be increased gradually without straining by setting goals that are 10-20% higher than the current level every 2 weeks to 1 month on the basis of individual records of number of steps. Less