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Political thought of Italian Idealism. Croce, Gentile and Fascism

意大利唯心主义的政治思想。

基本信息

批准号：
16530083
负责人：
NAKAGAWA Masaki
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530083/
关键词：
Gentile Italy Idealism Fascism Croce

项目摘要

What is perhaps the most instructive and stimulating episode in the story of contemporary Italian philosophy is the polemic between Benedetto Croce (1866- 1952) and Giovanni Gentile (1875-1943). This debate is very instructive because therein is reflected in their volumes the main questions and answers of pre-fascism thought in Italy. It is highly stimulating because we can see enacted on the stage of reason the dramatic struggle of two great minds with the basic issues of human experience. The strife of systems, which characterizes the whole history of ideas, is foreshortened in their unique types of neo-Hegelian idealism to a grand climax.From 1896 forward, Gentile developed an intellectual friendship with Croce. As to philosophy, Croce was under Kant's influence, but this influence did not last for very long. Under Gentile's driving influence Croce tried to overcome the philosophy of Kant and to acquire his own system of the idealistic thought. On the contrary, younger Gentile accep … More ted the economical and intellectual aids. What intercourses and correspondences were there between them? It's a most interesting problem.But, in front of Fascism, they took the opposite positions, anti-Fascism and pro-Fascism. In troubled times, Gentile appeared a more militant and therefore relevant thinker than the detached and Olympian Croce. Gentile's philosophical defense of Fascism did not simply reflect his conservative and nationalistic ideas. Croce and Gentile had fairly similar prejudices and expectations. But Croce's views and their articulation in thought were open to revision in the light of evidence, and Gentile's were not, owing to the extreme abstraction from reality, which was sanctioned by his method. By insisting on the identity of thought and action, he excluded all criteria whereby political action could be criticized.The aim of this research, of course, is to settle the dispute between the two Italian great thinkers, but rather to exhibit it in all its poignancy. My work will have served its purpose and not have been written in vain if it reveals somewhat the quintessence of the life of reason itself, whose drama has been so superbly incarnated in the major Platonic dialogues. And as I suggested in my papers, Gentile is by far the best match for Croce. For in the arena of intellectual contention, the stronger the opponents, the better the fighting. Less

当代意大利哲学故事中最具启发性和启发性的情节也许是贝内代托·克罗齐（Benedetto Croce，1866-1952）和乔瓦尼·真蒂莱（Giovanni Gentile，1875-1943）之间的论战。这场辩论非常有启发性，因为其中反映了意大利前法西斯主义思想的主要问题和答案。它非常刺激，因为我们可以看到两个伟大思想家在理性舞台上就人类经验的基本问题进行的戏剧性斗争。整个思想史的特征是体系的冲突，在其独特的新黑格尔唯心主义类型中被缩短到了一个盛大的高潮。从1896年起，詹蒂莱与克罗齐建立了知识分子友谊。就哲学而言，克罗齐受到康德的影响，但这种影响并没有持续很长时间。在詹蒂莱的推动下，克罗齐试图克服康德哲学并获得自己的唯心主义思想体系。相反，年轻的外邦人接受经济和智力援助。他们之间有哪些交往和书信往来？这是一个非常有趣的问题。但是，在法西斯主义面前，他们采取了相反的立场，反法西斯主义和亲法西斯主义。在困难时期，真蒂莱显得比超然的奥林匹亚克罗齐更加激进，因此也是一个重要的思想家。外邦人对法西斯主义的哲学辩护并不仅仅反映了他的保守主义和民族主义思想。克罗齐和詹蒂莱有着相当相似的偏见和期望。但克罗齐的观点及其思想表述可以根据证据进行修正，而外邦人的观点则不然，因为他的方法认可了对现实的极端抽象。通过坚持思想与行动的同一性，他排除了所有可以批评政治行动的标准。当然，这项研究的目的是解决两位意大利伟大思想家之间的争论，而不是展示其所有的辛酸。如果我的作品在某种程度上揭示了理性生活本身的精髓，那么我的作品就达到了它的目的，并且不是徒劳的，理性的戏剧在主要的柏拉图对话中得到了如此出色的体现。正如我在论文中所建议的那样，詹蒂莱是迄今为止与克罗齐的最佳匹配。因为在智力竞争的舞台上，对手越强，战斗就越好。较少的