The Structure and Transfiguration of Rice Demand in Modern Japan: The Positive and Synthetic Research on the Consumption of the Staple Food and the Formation of the Market

本研究的主题是在关注区域差异的情况下，把握1880 -1920年代城市和农村的主粮消费情况，积极综合地解释主粮消费变化的各种影响。特别是，我们关注在这个时候消费迅速增长的大米，并考察以下4点。(a)主粮消费趋势的实际情况及其变化；(b)主粮质变的因素；(c)主粮消费的多样化、标准化、在粮食农产品流通中的排名；(d)主粮消费的社会经济影响及其转化（大城市市场的形成、大米产区对市场的适应和商家的多种功能）。我们对收集到的资料进行了分析，明确了以下几点。(a)大米、小麦、土豆等主食消费存在严重的地区差异；(b)主要食品的消费随着地区差异而提高质量；(c) 19世纪80年代贸易协会的早期业务受到限制，以山口县的大米标准化为目的；(d)东京和军库县的大米批发商店鼓励大米标准化，促进了国内市场的形成。从以上工作中，我们证实了主食需求的结构性变化所带来的食品农产品交易的扩大、国内市场形成的促进以及批发商店功能的重要性。

The subject of this research is to grasp the staple food consumption of the city and the farm village in 1880's-1920's, with paying attention to the regional differences, and to explain the various influences of the change in the principal food consumption positively and synthetically. Especially, we pay attention to the rice that consumption increases rapidly in this time, and examine the next 4 points. (a)The actual condition of the consumption trend of the staple food and that change, (b)the factor which the staple food improved qualitatively, (c)diversification, standardization, ranking in the food agricultural produce circulation, (d)the socioeconomic impact by the staple food consumption and its transfiguration (formation of the big city market, adaptation of the rice producing district to the market and merchant's various function). We analyzed collected materials, and cleared the following point. (a)Serious regional differences existed in the staple food consumption such as a rice, wheat, potato kind, (b)the consumption of the principal food was raised qualitatively with the regional differences, (c)there was a limit in the early business of the trade association in 1880's for the purpose of the standardization of the rice in Yamaguchi Pref., (d)rice wholesale stores in Tokyo and Hyogo encouraged the standardization of the rice, and promoted the formation of the domestic market. From the above works, we confirmed the expansion of the dealings of the food agricultural produce, the promotion of the domestic market formation and the importance of the functional of wholesale stores, caused by the structural change of demand for the staple food.