Positive and synthetic research on the rice market reorganization in 1870's-1910's

本研究的主题是第一次世界大战前的近代日本大米市场的重组。它们是：（a）改善稻米产地，（B）维持运输条件，（c）改变大城市的市场结构，（d）抓住全国稻米流通。调查了主要生产地和市场的材料，并且作为对它们进行分析的结果，得到了与（a）-（d）相对应的以下结果。(a)由行业协会和行政机关进行的稻米改良开始于一些产地，产地之间的竞争始于1890年。这一时期改良稻米的目的是使商品标准化。(b)水稻改良的发展程度与运输条件密切相关。(c)东京都川、大坂堂岛2大交易市场与偏远产地的交易顺利增加。这些市场的商人建议在生产地改良稻米。此外，对低品质大米的需求也在增加，在北海道和大城市。(d)水稻改良是在运输条件形成的基础上发展起来的，它促进了水稻的商品化。而低质米的标准化又使对低质米的需求量增加。通过以上工作，对当时一个米市的市场重组过程进行了实证和综合研究。

The theme of this research is the reorganization of the rice market in Japan in the modern ages before World War I.It is approached from the following four points of view. They are (a) Rice improvement of the place of production, (b) The maintenance of the transport condition, (c) Change in the market structure of the big city, (d) The grasping that nationwide rice circulation. Materials for the main place of production and the market were investigated, and it got the following result corresponding to (a)-(d) as a result of analyzing them. (a) Rice improvement by the trade association and the administrative organ began in some places of production, and competition between the places of production began in 1890 fee. The purpose of rice improvement of this time was the standardization of the goods. (b) The degree of the development of rice improvement had intimate relations with the transport condition. (c) 2 big dealings market of Tokyo Fukagawa, Osaka Dojima increased dealings with the remote place of production smoothly. The merchants of these markets suggested rice improvement in the place of production. Furthermore, demand for low quality rice was born newly, and increased in Hokkaido and the big city. (d) Rice improvement was developed based on the formation of the transport condition, and it promoted merchandising of the rice. And the standardization of the low quality rice escalated demand for low quality rice. Through the above work, the process that a rice market was reorganized in the time concerned was studied positively and synthetically.