Exploring timing control mechanisms in speech production and working memory

为了研究短时记忆和语音产生中的时序控制机制，我们采用了一种言语错误诱导技术，要求参与者说出一个目标词，并在目标词发出之前意外地接触到一个听觉干扰词。我们操纵了音素的位置，这些音素可能会在目标单词中滑落。此外，参与者被要求对每个目标词只说一次，而不是重复说一次，我们观察到了可靠的言语错误数量。结合序贯偏误假说，考察了口语错误的类型。接下来，我们研究了时间分组对视觉呈现列表的即时连续回忆的有利影响，在时间分组中，九位数列表被聚为三个数字。一个主要变量是项目呈现时间：固定的定期或分组的时间。此外，我们还操纵了次级任务的时间结构，即…更多的手指敲击和发音抑制。受试者在三种敲击条件下完成这些记忆任务：无敲击控制、规则频率敲击和分组敲击，其中敲击的时间与分组呈现的时间相同。结果表明，分组呈现在分组敲击条件下有显著的促进作用，而在规则敲击条件下没有显著的促进作用。然后，在接下来的实验中，程序与第一个实验基本相同，只是敲击总是伴随着与敲击同步的发音抑制；因此，三种双重任务条件是无抑制控制、规则频率抑制和分组抑制。尽管回忆水平显著下降，但在分组抑制条件下，我们再次观察到了可靠的分组呈现效应，但在常规速率抑制条件下，我们观察到了可靠的分组呈现效应。结果表明，发音抑制通过干扰时序信息的编码而不是通过阻止语音编码来消除视觉呈现材料的时间分组效应。较少

To investigate timing control mechanisms in short-term memory and speech production, we adopted a speech error induction technique in which participants were required to utter a target word and were unexpectedly exposed to an auditory distractor word immediately before the utterance of the target word. We manipulated the position of phonemes that could potentially slip within a target word. Furthermore, participants were required a single utterance, rather than repeated utterances, for each target word and we observed the reliable number of speech errors. The patterns of the errors in speaking were examined in relation to the sequential bias hypothesis. Next, we investigated a beneficial effect of temporal grouping, in which nine-digit lists are clustered into threes, on immediate serial recall of visually presented lists. A primary variable was item presentation timing : Constant regular-rate or grouped timing. Furthermore, we manipulated temporal structures of secondary tasks, i.e., … More finger tapping and articulatory suppression. Participants performed these memory tasks under three tapping conditions : no-tapping control, regular-rate tapping, and grouped tapping, in which timing of tapping was the same as that of grouped presentation. Results showed a significant facilitative effect of grouped presentation in the grouped tapping condition, but not in the regular-rate tapping condition. Then in the next experiment, procedures were essentially the same as for the first experiment except that tapping was always accompanied by articulatory suppression synchronized to the tapping; thus, three dual-task conditions were no-suppression control, regular-rate suppression, and grouped suppression. Although recall levels declined dramatically, we observed a reliable grouping presentation effect again in the grouped suppression, but not in the regular-rate suppression condition. It is suggested that articulatory suppression removes the temporal grouping effect for visually presented materials by distracting coding of timing information but not by preventing phonological coding. Less