A study on the historical relationship between kinship bonds and territorial bonds in Wei, Jin Nanbeichao era

本研究考察了中国社会中亲属纽带和地域纽带在两个领域中的相互关系。本研究所涉及的范围包括：（1）当时人们称之为“乡堂”的村落社会，（2）更大的范围，如州、县、州乃至王朝所辖的领土。（百口），在那个时期的文学中意味着一个家庭，我观察到，虽然传统的亲属关系正在减弱，一种新型的亲属关系正在出现，与此同时，由于归属于同一村庄的感觉而产生的领土关系在社会的各个方面都发挥着重要作用。社会此外，还可以推测，血缘纽带和地域纽带虽然本质上不同，但二者是互补的，它们相互补充，从而在一定程度上维持了社会秩序。关于地域纽带，笔者考察了从淮北到江南的移民。它们以地域联结为纽带，成群活动，但活动距离越长，地域联结越弱。他们之间只有亲属关系，并被目的地社会所吸收。再比如，在上层社会中，亲属关系与领地关系的相互关系。对于上流社会的人来说，本地地址与祖籍不同是很常见的。他们的姻缘不限于州郡，而是在全国范围内选择对象。然而，上层社会的亲疏关系并不是无条件地建立起来的，而是在特定的地区和家族内部建立起来的。

This study examines how kinship bonds and territorial bonds interrelated in two areas in Chinese society. The areas dealt with in this study are (1)"Xiang-tang",as it was called at that time, a village community in which people lead their everyday life, and(2)larger areas such as prefecture, county, state and even the territory governed by the dynasty.As to the kinship bond, analyzing as a clue the word "Baikou"(Hundred Mouths), the one that meant a family in the period's literature, I observe that while the traditional kinship bonds was diminishing, a new type of kinship bond was emerging and that at the same time the territorial bond that arose from the sense of belonging to the same village played an important role in every aspect of society. In addition, it is surmised that the kinship bond and the territorial bond were complementary, though they were essentially of a different nature, and that they complemented each other and consequently social order was maintained to some degree.As to the territorial bond, I investigate migrants from Huaibei to Jiangnan. They moved about in groups formed by means of the territorial bond, however, the longer the travel distance was, the further the territorial bond weakened. They were connected to each other only with the kinship bond and absorbed into the society of their destination.For another example, I examine the interrelation between the kinship bond and territorial bond in upper class. It was common for upper class people to have local addresses different from their ancestral home. Their affinity was not limited within the state, county and prefecture, they chose their marriage partner nationwide. The affinal relationship in the upper class, however, was not established unconditionally, but it was created within particular regions and families.