A study on the historical relationship between kinship bonds and territorial bonds in Wei, Jin Nanbeichao era

本研究探讨了亲属关系和领土关系如何在中国社会的两个领域相互关联。本研究涉及的区域有：(1)当时被称为“乡堂”，即人们日常生活的乡村社区；(2)更大的区域，如府、县、州，甚至是王朝统治的领土。在亲属关系方面，笔者以当时文学中的“百口”一词为线索分析，发现在传统亲属关系逐渐消失的同时，一种新型的亲属关系正在形成，同时，由同村归属感所产生的地域关系在社会的各个方面都发挥着重要作用。此外，据推测，亲属关系和领土关系是互补的，尽管它们本质上是不同的性质，但它们相互补充，因此在某种程度上维持了社会秩序。至于地域关系，我调查了从淮北到江南的移民。它们通过领土纽带形成群体，但移动距离越长，领土纽带越弱。他们彼此之间只有血缘关系，并被他们目的地的社会所吸收。再举一个例子，我考察了上层阶级的亲属关系和领土关系之间的相互关系。上层阶级的人在当地的地址与祖籍不同是很常见的。他们的亲缘关系并不局限于州、县、地区，他们在全国范围内选择结婚对象。然而，上层阶级的最终关系并不是无条件建立起来的，而是在特定的地区和家庭中建立起来的。

This study examines how kinship bonds and territorial bonds interrelated in two areas in Chinese society. The areas dealt with in this study are (1)"Xiang-tang",as it was called at that time, a village community in which people lead their everyday life, and(2)larger areas such as prefecture, county, state and even the territory governed by the dynasty.As to the kinship bond, analyzing as a clue the word "Baikou"(Hundred Mouths), the one that meant a family in the period's literature, I observe that while the traditional kinship bonds was diminishing, a new type of kinship bond was emerging and that at the same time the territorial bond that arose from the sense of belonging to the same village played an important role in every aspect of society. In addition, it is surmised that the kinship bond and the territorial bond were complementary, though they were essentially of a different nature, and that they complemented each other and consequently social order was maintained to some degree.As to the territorial bond, I investigate migrants from Huaibei to Jiangnan. They moved about in groups formed by means of the territorial bond, however, the longer the travel distance was, the further the territorial bond weakened. They were connected to each other only with the kinship bond and absorbed into the society of their destination.For another example, I examine the interrelation between the kinship bond and territorial bond in upper class. It was common for upper class people to have local addresses different from their ancestral home. Their affinity was not limited within the state, county and prefecture, they chose their marriage partner nationwide. The affinal relationship in the upper class, however, was not established unconditionally, but it was created within particular regions and families.