Progress of Globalization in Higher Education

许多国家正在通过培养精英高等教育机构来促进技术发展。特别是中国等发展中国家，已经开始实施国家项目，以建立拥有充足支持资金的世界一流大学，并迅速提高学术出版的年增长率。学术研究的五个主要国家，例如，英国、法国、德国、美国和日本从20世纪90年代后期开始，在学术出版方面的份额不断下降。中国、韩国等国的经济增长速度居世界前列，这些国家的一流大学的研究活动也在急剧增加，并已跻身世界一流大学的行列。这些国家将很快被视为约瑟夫本大卫提到的“学习中心”。这种趋势表明了“学术中心”的扩散。从学术生产力的角度来看，在发展中国家学术期刊上发表的论文年度数量，即，中国和韩国的年增长率比普赖斯发现的要高得多。全球学术出版的增长率约为每年4.6%（每15年翻一番），而中国和韩国的增长率约为每年10%。另一方面，在发达国家，这一比例与普赖斯相当，甚至更低。中国大学的研究活动之所以呈爆炸式增长，不仅是因为资金充足，还因为与其他规模较小的大学合并，或者为了规模优势而设立新的系所。

Many countries are promoting technological development through fostering elite higher education institutions. Particularly, developing countries such as China, etc. have undertaken national projects to establish world-class top universities with sufficient support funds, and to abruptly increase the annual rate of academic publishing. Five major countries in academic research, e.g., UK, France, Germany, USA and Japan, have been losing their share of academic publishing since the late of 1990's.China, Korea, etc. show the highest economic increases in the world, and the top universities of those countries also show abrupt increase in their research activities, and have recently joined the ranks of top universities in the world. Those countries will soon be regarded among "the centers of learning" mentioned by Joseph Ben David. This tendency indicates the diffusion of "the centers of learning".From the point of view of academic productivity, i.e., annual number of papers published in academic journals, developing countries, i.e., China and Korea, show much higher annual increase rates than that found by Price. The worldwide rate of increase in academic publishing is about 4.6% per year (doubling in every 15 years), while the rates for China and Korea are about 10% per year. On the other hand, already-advanced countries show rates around those of Price, or a little less.The reasons for Chinese universities' explosive increase in research activities can be explained not only by increasing sufficient funds, but also by mergers with other smaller universities, and/or founding of new departments for advantages of scale.