Progress of Globalization in Higher Education

许多国家正在通过培养精英高等教育机构来促进技术发展。特别是中国等发展中国家，开展了建设世界一流大学的国家项目，提供了充足的资金支持，并突然提高了学术论文的年发表率。自20世纪90年代末以来，英国、法国、德国、美国和日本等五个主要学术研究国家的学术出版份额不断减少。中国、韩国等国家的经济增长位居世界前列，其顶尖大学的研究活动也急剧增加，最近进入了世界顶尖大学的行列。这些国家很快就会被视为约瑟夫·本·大卫所说的“学习中心”。从学术生产率的角度来看，即每年在学术期刊上发表的论文数量，发展中国家，如中国和韩国，其年增长率远远高于普赖斯的发现。全球学术出版的增长率约为每年4.6%(每15年翻一番)，而中国和韩国的增长率约为每年10%。另一方面，已经先进的国家的研究费用与普赖斯相当，甚至更低。中国大学研究活动爆炸性增长的原因不仅可以通过增加足够的资金来解释，还可以通过与其他规模较小的大学合并和/或建立新的院系来实现规模优势。

Many countries are promoting technological development through fostering elite higher education institutions. Particularly, developing countries such as China, etc. have undertaken national projects to establish world-class top universities with sufficient support funds, and to abruptly increase the annual rate of academic publishing. Five major countries in academic research, e.g., UK, France, Germany, USA and Japan, have been losing their share of academic publishing since the late of 1990's.China, Korea, etc. show the highest economic increases in the world, and the top universities of those countries also show abrupt increase in their research activities, and have recently joined the ranks of top universities in the world. Those countries will soon be regarded among "the centers of learning" mentioned by Joseph Ben David. This tendency indicates the diffusion of "the centers of learning".From the point of view of academic productivity, i.e., annual number of papers published in academic journals, developing countries, i.e., China and Korea, show much higher annual increase rates than that found by Price. The worldwide rate of increase in academic publishing is about 4.6% per year (doubling in every 15 years), while the rates for China and Korea are about 10% per year. On the other hand, already-advanced countries show rates around those of Price, or a little less.The reasons for Chinese universities' explosive increase in research activities can be explained not only by increasing sufficient funds, but also by mergers with other smaller universities, and/or founding of new departments for advantages of scale.