The Story of King Yaśōdhara in the Religious and Cultural Environment of Karnāṭaka

本计划聚焦于janana的Yaśōdharacarite（“[国王]的故事Yaśōdhara”），这是Kanarese文学的关键文本，创作于Karnāṭaka的过渡时期：直到第一个千年结束，统治王朝的成员主要接近耆那教，直到12世纪中叶，Vīraśaivas获得了越来越多的权力。Vīraśaivas的加强需要耆那教教徒的反击，与他们的对手的价值观和仪式进行对抗并明确分离。在这种紧张的环境下，简那——Hoysaḷa国王Ballāḷa二世（1173-1220）和Nārasiṃha二世（1220-1235）的宫廷诗人、大臣和军队指挥官——选择了Yaśōdhara 1209国王的故事作为他第一首主要诗歌的主题。国王Yaśōdhara，作为一个象征性的暴力行为的结果——牺牲一只面团做的公鸡——不得不忍受最可怕的重生和残酷的死亡方式，是一个理想的例子，传播ahiṃsā的概念，非暴力的行为，语言和思想，这是耆那教的核心。通过对这篇文章的探索，我们将对研究通过文学交流而产生的宗教潮流之间的特殊互动做出重要贡献。政治影响、赞助竞争和合法性问题，这些问题在中世纪的印度与宗教利益一起发挥了核心作用，将从Yaśōdharacarite及其作者的角度进行研究。从中世纪到现代，耆那教和各种印度教传统之间紧张关系的连续性将通过研究Jīvadayāṣṭamī-nōmpu获得新的见解，该Jīvadayāṣṭamī-nōmpu以Janna的Yaśōdharacarite为中心文本，形成了一种“反仪式”，与印度教的暴力实践明显分离Navarātrī；到目前为止，这种仪式在研究中很少受到关注。除了这些方面，白话化和区域化的过程将在Yaśōdharacarite的基础上进行研究，它站在泛印度和区域文学文化的十字路口：在这里，这项工作也占据了按时间顺序排列的梵语，Jaina-Mahārāṣṭrī和Apabhraṃśa的超区域语言文本和Kannaḍa的活跃文学传统之间的关键位置。南亚地区的翻译、传播和改编问题也将包括在这个项目中，从“适应性再利用”的角度分析Janna的Yaśōdharacarite，这将为了解Janna的宗教和政治环境提供重要的见解。

This project focusses on the Yaśōdharacarite (“The Story of [King] Yaśōdhara”) of Janna - a key text in Kanarese literature, created during a time of transition in Karnāṭaka: While until the end of the first millennium the members of the ruling dynasties were predominantly close to Jainism, towards the middle of the 12th century the Vīraśaivas gained more and more power. The strengthening of the Vīraśaivas demanded a counter-reaction from the Jainas, a confrontation with and clear dissociation from the values and rituals of their rivals. In this tense environment, Janna - court poet, minister and army commander under the Hoysaḷa kings Ballāḷa II (1173-1220) and Nārasiṃha II (1220-1235) - chose the story of King Yaśōdhara 1209 as the subject of his first major poem. King Yaśōdhara, who as a result of a symbolic act of violence - the sacrifice of a cock made of dough - has to suffer the most terrible rebirths and cruel ways of death, is an ideal example for the propagation of the concept of ahiṃsā, non-violence in deeds, words and thoughts, which is central to Jainism. By exploring this text, an important contribution will be made to the study of the particular interactions between religious currents that take place through literary communication. Questions of political influence, of rivalry for patronage and of legitimacy, which played a central role in medieval India alongside religious interests, will be examined from the perspective of the Yaśōdharacarite and its author. New insights into the continuity of tensions between Jainism and the various Hindu traditions from the Middle Ages to modern times will be gained by investigating the Jīvadayāṣṭamī-nōmpu, which – with Janna’s Yaśōdharacarite as the central text – formed as a kind of “counter-ritual” in clear dissociation to the violent practices of the Hindu Navarātrī; this ritual has so far received little attention in research. In addition to these aspects, processes of vernacularisation and regionalisation will be studied on the basis of the Yaśōdharacarite, which stands at the crossroads of pan-Indian and regional literary culture: Here too, this work occupies a key position between chronologically preceding texts in the supra-regional languages of Sanskrit, Jaina-Mahārāṣṭrī and Apabhraṃśa and a lively literary tradition in Kannaḍa. Questions of translation, transmission and adaptation in the South Asian region will also be included in this project, as will an analysis of Janna’s Yaśōdharacarite from the point of view of “adaptive reuse”, which will provide important insights into Janna’s religious and political environment.