Thermal Desorption Spectrometer with MS

150多年来，高强度钢的氢脆一直是部件设计和系统疲劳强度的一个众所周知的挑战。有许多例子说明氢脆如何导致巨大的损害，从而导致高昂的成本。由于能源转型，氢在未来几年将越来越多地出现在技术系统中，而资源节约型材料的使用要求越来越高的材料性能，氢脆问题将变得至关重要。特别是在金属材料的情况下，强度不断增加，因此更可持续的合金化概念使材料越来越容易受到氢气降解的影响。该仪器是一个多分析器系统，用于测定氢(H)、氧(O)、氮(N)和氩(Ar)的浓度，特别是在金属样品中。浓度低至百万分之以下的范围是可以分辨的。在载气熔融提取中，重达几克(取决于密度)的样品在温度高达3500°C的情况下以温度控制的方式熔化，并测定从材料样品释放到载气气流中的待分析气体(O、N、H、Ar)的含量。同时，在温度高达1100°C的情况下，可以通过辅助红外炉进行热载气萃取。与熔融萃取相比，大得多的样品既可以进行阶跃温度分布，也可以进行连续温度分布，以提高测量分辨率。释放的气体浓度作为温度的函数，然后可以用来推断待分析气体或金属晶格中气体原子的陷阱能，氢在晶格缺陷中的局域化能量，以及氢原子必须克服什么才能离开缺陷。这种方法也被称为“热脱附谱”(TDS)。当TDS系统与四极质谱计(MS)相结合时，由于可扩散氢(Dh)检测所需的最高测量分辨率，该方法被称为TDMS。TDMS必须以特定于缺陷的方式测量金属原子晶格中晶格缺陷处的氢的陷阱能。尽管萨尔兰大学(UDS)或在科学和工业环境中进行了多年密集的氢气研究，但TDS、TDM或热/熔融提取都无法获得。

Hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength steels has been a known challenge for component design and fatigue strength of systems for more than 150 years. There are numerous examples of how hydrogen embrittlement has led to enormous damage and thus to high costs. As hydrogen will become more and more present in technical systems in the coming years due to the energy transition and a resource-efficient use of materials requires increasingly high-performance materials, the issue of hydrogen embrittlement will become essential. Particularly in the case of metallic materials, strength-increasing and thus more sustainable alloying concepts are making the materials increasingly susceptible to hydrogen degradation. The instrument is a multi-analyzer system for the determination of hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and argon (Ar) concentrations especially in metallic samples. Concentrations down to the sub-ppm range can be resolved. In carrier gas melt extraction, samples weighing a few grams (depending on density) are melted in a temperature-controlled manner at temperatures up to 3500°C and the contents of the gases to be analyzed (O,N,H,Ar) released from the material sample into the carrier gas stream are determined. At the same time, hot carrier gas extraction can be carried out by means of an auxiliary infrared furnace at temperatures up to 1100°C. Compared to melt extraction, a significantly larger sample can be subjected to both a stepped and a continuous temperature profile with the aim of improving the measurement resolution. The gas concentration released as a function of temperature can then be used to infer the trapping energy of the gas to be analyzed or of the gas atoms in the metal lattice, the energy with which hydrogen is localized at lattice defects and which a hydrogen atom must overcome to leave the defect. This method is also known as "Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy" (TDS). When the TDS system is combined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) due to the highest measurement resolution required for diffusible hydrogen (dH) detection, the method is referred to as TDMS. TDMS is mandatory to measure the trapping energies of hydrogen at lattice defects in the metal atom lattice in a defect-specific manner. Neither TDS, TDMS or hot/melt extraction are accessible despite years of intensive hydrogen research at Saarland University (UdS) or in the scientific and industrial environment.