The vertical dimension of conservation: A cost-effective plan to incorporate subterranean ecosystems in post-2020 biodiversity and climate change agendas

保护的垂直维度：将地下生态系统纳入 2020 年后生物多样性和气候变化议程的具有成本效益的计划

• 批准号: 511766683
• 负责人: Dr. Arnaud Faille, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Aquatic Ecology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/511766683?language=en
• 关键词: vertical; dimension; conservation; cost; effective

Subterranean ecosystems host a broad diversity of specialized and endemic organisms that account for a unique fraction of the global taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. Furthermore, they deliver crucial nature’s contributions to people—especially the provisioning of potable water to more than half of the world’s population. Yet, these out-of-sight ecosystems are systematically overlooked in post-2020 biodiversity and climate change targets. Only 6.9% of known subterranean ecosystems overlap with the global network of protected areas, with just a few of these areas designed to account for their vertical dimension. Two main impediments are responsible for this lack of protection. First, subterranean biodiversity patterns remain largely unmapped. Second, we lack a mechanistic understanding of subterranean species' response to human-induced perturbations. The project DarCo aims to map subterranean biodiversity patterns across Europe and develop an explicit plan to incorporate subterranean ecosystems in the European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. To this end, we have established a multidisciplinary team of leading scientists in subterranean biology, macroecology, and conservation science from a broad range of European countries. The project is articulated in three interconnected work packages devoted to direct research (WP2–4), plus a fourth package (WP5) aimed at maximizing the dissemination of results and engagement of stakeholders to implement practical conservation. First, by compiling existing databases and leveraging a capillary network of international collaborators, we will gather distribution data, traits, and phylogenies for all major subterranean animal groups, including crustaceans, mollusks, insects, and vertebrates (WP2). These data will serve to predict species responses to human threats using Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (WP3). Models' predictions of biodiversity change will provide the basis for a first dynamic mapping of subterranean life in Europe. By intersecting maps of diversity patterns, threats, and protected areas, we will design a plan to protect subterranean biodiversity complementing the current EU network of protected areas (Natura 2000), while taking into account climate-driven shifts in subterranean ecoregions (WP4). Finally, through target activities in WP5, we seek to raise societal awareness about subterranean ecosystems and invite stakeholders to incorporate subterranean biodiversity in multilateral agreements. In compliance with the European Plan S, we will make all data open and re-usable by the development of a centralized and open database on subterranean life—the Subterranean Biodiversity Platform.

地下生态系统拥有广泛多样性的特有生物和特有生物，它们在全球分类学、系统发育和功能多样性中占有独特的部分。此外，它们还为人类做出了至关重要的贡献，特别是为世界一半以上的人口提供饮用水。然而，2020 年后生物多样性和气候变化目标却系统性地忽视了这些看不见的生态系统。只有 6.9% 的已知地下生态系统与全球保护区网络重叠，其中只有少数区域的设计考虑了其垂直维度。造成这种缺乏保护的原因有两个主要障碍。首先，地下生物多样性模式在很大程度上仍未被绘制出来。其次，我们缺乏对地下物种对人类引起的扰动的反应的机制理解。 DarCo 项目旨在绘制整个欧洲的地下生物多样性模式，并制定一项明确的计划，将地下生态系统纳入欧盟 (EU) 2030 年生物多样性战略。为此，我们建立了一个由来自欧洲各国的地下生物学、宏观生态学和保护科学领域领先科学家组成的多学科团队。该项目由三个相互关联的工作包组成，专门用于直接研究（WP2-4），以及第四个包（WP5），旨在最大限度地传播成果和利益相关者参与以实施实际保护。首先，通过编译现有数据库并利用国际合作者的毛细管网络，我们将收集所有主要地下动物类群的分布数据、性状和系统发育，包括甲壳类动物、软体动物、昆虫和脊椎动物（WP2）。这些数据将用于使用物种群落分层建模 (WP3) 来预测物种对人类威胁的反应。模型对生物多样性变化的预测将为欧洲地下生命的首次动态绘制提供基础。通过交叉多样性模式、威胁和保护区的地图，我们将设计一项保护地下生物多样性的计划，补充当前的欧盟保护区网络（Natura 2000），同时考虑到气候驱动的地下生态区变化（WP4）。最后，通过 WP5 的目标活动，我们寻求提高社会对地下生态系统的认识，并邀请利益相关者将地下生物多样性纳入多边协议。根据欧洲S计划，我们将通过开发集中、开放的地下生物数据库——地下生物多样性平台，使所有数据开放和可重复使用。