Diversity and management effects on forest evolution - TREEvolution

多样性和管理对森林演化的影响 - TREEvolution

• 批准号: 512413528
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Katrin Heer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Pflanzenökologie und Geobotanik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/512413528?language=en
• 关键词: Diversity; management; effects; forest; evolution

Forests cover nearly 40% of Europe and are among the most diverse and species-rich habitats in our cultural landscape. Forests also exert a significant influence on regional climates through their biogeophysical feedbacks to climate forcing and provide various ecosystem services. However, extreme weather events, like the drought during spring and summer in the years 2018 to 2020 in Germany, threaten the health and thus the ecosystem functioning of forests in central Europe. Fagus sylvatica, still the most important forest tree species in Central Europe, showed significant damages following these droughts. However, it became quickly evident, that even within stands tree reactions to the drought varied substantially with drought-damaged trees neighboring healthy trees and thus suggesting a genotypic background. One life-history trait common to most forest trees is the massive life-time production of seeds combined with a well-known large standing genetic variation, offering a substantial basis for selection to act upon. Assuming that extreme years increase in frequency, such selection would ensure that beech forests in the future are better adapted to early summer drought events. With the availability of a chromosome-level beech genome and the unique experimental setup of the Biodiversity-Exploratories, we plan to investigate the genomic diversity dynamics in beech populations among life stages (seedlings, saplings and adult trees) across a large representative sample using all beech-containing Experimental Forest Plots of the Biodiversity-Exploratories. We aim at identifying the demographic processes and genes under selection, investigate the effects of forest management and the year of establishment using the FOX multi-site experiment, applying reduced-representation and low-coverage sequencing methods. Given the multitude of abiotic and biotic environmental variables that potentially can influence the selection acting on beech seedlings and saplings, the Biodiversity-Exploratories provide a perfect environment for TREEvolution, due to the large amount of data available from previous and ongoing research on these same sites. In turn, we will provide genome-wide diversity information for one of the key-species in the Experimental plots in which it is present. TREEvolution will provide insights into the evolutionary dynamics at young tree age, which shape the resistance and resilience of our forests of tomorrow. This will help us to understand if and how fast beech forests can evolutionarily track the current climatic changes, and to be able to adapt the current standard silvicultural management.

森林覆盖了欧洲近 40% 的面积，是我们文化景观中最多样化、物种最丰富的栖息地之一。森林还通过其对气候强迫的生物地球物理反馈对区域气候产生重大影响，并提供各种生态系统服务。然而，极端天气事件，如德国2018年至2020年春季和夏季的干旱，威胁着中欧森林的健康和生态系统功能。水青冈仍然是中欧最重要的森林树种，在这些干旱之后遭受了严重损害。然而，很快就发现，即使在林分内，树木对干旱的反应也存在很大差异，受干旱损害的树木与健康树木相邻，因此表明存在基因型背景。大多数林木共有的一个生活史特征是一生中大量产生种子，加上众所周知的大量遗传变异，为选择行动提供了坚实的基础。假设极端年份的频率增加，这种选择将确保未来的山毛榉林更好地适应初夏干旱事件。凭借染色体水平山毛榉基因组的可用性和生物多样性探索区独特的实验设置，我们计划使用生物多样性探索区所有含有山毛榉的实验林地，在一个大的代表性样本中研究山毛榉种群在生命阶段（幼苗、幼树和成年树）的基因组多样性动态。我们的目标是确定选择下的人口统计过程和基因，使用 FOX 多站点实验，应用减少代表性和低覆盖率测序方法来研究森林管理和建立年份的影响。鉴于大量的非生物和生物环境变量可能会影响山毛榉幼苗和树苗的选择，生物多样性探索为 TREEvolution 提供了一个完美的环境，因为这些相同地点的先前和正在进行的研究提供了大量数据。反过来，我们将为实验地块中的关键物种之一提供全基因组多样性信息。 TREEvolution 将深入了解幼树年龄的进化动态，这塑造了我们未来森林的抵抗力和恢复力。这将帮助我们了解山毛榉森林是否能够以及多快地进化跟踪当前的气候变化，并能够适应当前的标准造林管理。