International Comparision for the Financial Policy on Land and Housing

土地和住房金融政策的国际比较

• 批准号: 58530049
• 负责人: TAKAHASHI Makoto
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Hosei University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1983 至 1984
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-58530049/
• 关键词: Land Policy; Housing Policy; Council Housing; Policy for Home Ownership; Intergovernmental Relations; 財政の國際比較

Tne purpose or tnis project is to examine the international comparision for the financial policy on Land and Housing. Especially I will focus on the defference in these policies between the U.K. and the U.S..(1) Land Development PolicyHistorically, the process of land development in the U.K. has been dominated by the philosophy that private persons not be able to receive personal financial advantage from profits in land values that accrue through the normal course of land development. Profits that may accrue should go to the community as a whole by a 'betterment levy'. in the U.S., Land policy developed from the colonial times ensures that government should control only that land which it needs, the rest to be sole or ceded to individuals for their private use.(2) Housing policyThe contrast between housing policy in two countries is striking. In the U.S., it emphasizes the role of private sector in providing housing for nearly all citizens. The entire housing delivery system places primary reliance on the private sector with a minimum of direct government involvement. The Public-housing projects in the U.S. have increasingly become reservations for the very poor and for racial minorities. On the other hand, Government take an active role in Housing Sector in the U.K.. The policy consists of three distinct thrusts:(a) Public owned housing, which is known as council housing, is to be the vehicle for social housing.(b) Tenants are to be protected with elaborate security of tenure provisions and rent conrol will be used to keep down the level of rents.(c) Owner occupation will be encouraged and accorded special tax dispensations and incentives.However, housing policy has changed by Mrs. Thatcher's government. The Government has encouraged to sell the council houses for tenants and is proposing to ensure greater private sector involvement in housing investment.

该项目的目的是考察土地和住房财政政策的国际比较。我将特别着重于英国和美国在这些政策上的不同。(1)土地开发政策历史上，英国的土地开发过程一直被一种哲学所主导，即私人不能从通过正常土地开发过程积累的土地价值利润中获得个人财务利益。可能累积的利润，应以“物业增值税”的形式，拨归整体社会。在美国，从殖民时代发展而来的土地政策确保政府只控制它需要的土地，其余的土地是独占的或割让给个人用于私人用途。(2)住房政策两个国家的住房政策截然不同。在美国，它强调私营部门在为几乎所有公民提供住房方面的作用。整个住房供应系统主要依赖私营部门，政府的直接参与最少。美国的公共住房项目越来越多地成为为非常贫穷的人和少数族裔保留的住房。另一方面，政府在英国住房领域扮演着积极的角色。该政策包括三个不同的重点：(A)公有住房，也就是所谓的委员会住房，将成为社会住房的载体。(B)租户将受到详尽的租住权保障条款的保护，租金控制将被用来压低租金水平。(C)将鼓励业主居住，并给予特殊的税收分配和激励。然而，撒切尔夫人的政府改变了住房政策。政府鼓励将公租房出售给租户，并提议确保私营部门更多地参与住房投资。

项目成果

高橋誠: 経済志林(法政大学). 53-2. 1-46 (1985)

高桥诚：Keizai Shirin（法政大学）53-2（1985）。

TAKAHASHI; MAKOTO.: "The Contemporary Financial Policy on Land and Housing in Britain" (Keizai Shirin/Hosei Univ.). Vol.50.No.1. 1-129 (1982)

高桥；

高橋誠: 経済志林(法政大学). 50-1. 1-129 (1982)

高桥诚：Keizai Shirin（法政大学）50-1（1982）。

TAKAHASHI; MAKOTO.: "International Comparision on Immovable Property & Systems" (Keizai Shirin/Hosei Univ.). Vol.53.No.2. 1-46 (1985)

高桥；