Roles of molecular chaperones in cell function

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Cytosolic hsp70-dj1/dj2 chaperone system was found to prevent NO-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Knockout mice for the HSP47 gene were generated and characterized. Many mutants of SecA were isolated and their interaction with SecY was studied. A cytosolic factor which induces cytochrome c release depending on staurosporin and dATP, was purified and found to be 20S proteasome. Chaperone activity of mitochondrial hsp70 was analyzed using denatured luciferase as a substrate. Exogenously added amyloid fibers were found to induce fiber formation of endogenous amyloid proteins. Oxidation of thiol of newly-synthesized proteins was shown to occur through S-S shuffling with glutathione and cysteine. Adjucent molecule of FtsH, an AAA ATPase, was shown to be important for ATP hydrolysis. Haclp, a transcription factor involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) in yeast, was shown to be induced when its mRNA undergoes stress-specific splicing.