Comparative study of regional problem and regional movement

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This study made clear of the present situation of regional problems in the following areas in Europe ; Catalonia and Basque in Spain, Occitanie and Bretagne in France, Franders and Wallonie in Belgium. Concerning the two regions of Spain, we recognized the development of nationalistic consciousness copting with the central government and clarified the characteristics of language protection movement in the region. As regards the two regions of France, we explained causes of delay of economic development and examined how they were related to the demand of cultural identity. In the case of Belgium, we traced the process of the linguistic problems which made those two regions confronted to each other and found out the reversal of " centre-periphery " relation of these two regions. In order to deal with these problems, we had to depend on proto-industrialization theory which expains economic underdevelopment, and theory of diglossia which is useful for the analysis of language conflicts. Thereore, we made theoretical examination about these two theries.Based upon these studies we tried to make types of regional problems and regional movements in Europe, and could establish the following three types ; 1) economic regionalism 2) technocratic regionalism 3) nationalistic movement.Besides, we studied regional problems in Bolivia and Malaysia for making a comparison with those in Europe. The result was that the conflicts in European Countries were found to be more institutionalized than those in the two non-european countries which have not yet had clear idea of " nation ".