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Studies on the concrete motifs of masks, puppets and doublesin French fantastic literature

法国奇幻文学中面具、木偶、替身的具体母题研究

基本信息

批准号：
60301064
负责人：
SHINODA Chiwaki
金额：
$ 3.46万
依托单位：
NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1987
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In these studies on fantastic lierature, we aim to find a rational definition of the genre. We therefore deemed it necessary to incorporate non literary angles as diverse as possible: music, fine arts, apiritualism, sociology, etc. Our literary approach itself includes the pre- and para-fantastic corpus, i.e. the "merveilleux", be it written or oral, learned or popular.In order to manage this vast corpus, we resorted to this initial, classic criterium: "the intrusion of the supernatural in daily life". However, rather than ill-defined abstract notions, we have priviledged concrete motifs such as masks, puppets, and double images; Whenever a text presents no realistic description involving one of the afore-mentionned motifs, we consider it non fantastic. We believe that mere metaphysical and abstract reveries are not capable of shcoking society.As for fantastic characters, we looked for modern emissaries of Evil in all guises. They may be musicians swayed by the Dark Side; or labyrinthine urban setting permeated with the spirits of evil. We have even spotted such grimacing spirits lurking in the corners of paintings by Monet and Cezanne. We have been able to establish a list (as exhaustive as could be) of the texts in which a latent presence of Evil can be detected.In most cases, the author strives to describe the strangeness of the human being suffering from the cleavage of the self. Alle men are puppets in teh hands of Fate; but, modern men having done away with the Supreme Being, we do not feel "guides par les haleurs", but make-shift gods, mimicking reflexions of ourselves.

在这些对奇幻文学的研究中，我们的目标是找到一个合理的流派定义。因此，我们认为有必要尽可能多地结合非文学的角度：音乐、美术、唯心主义、社会学等。我们的文学方法本身包括幻想前和幻想后的语料库，即“merveilleux”，无论是书面的还是口头的，是学术的还是流行的。为了管理这个庞大的语料库，我们采用了这个最初的、经典的标准：“超自然现象在日常生活中的侵入”。然而，比起模糊的抽象概念，我们更喜欢具体的主题，如面具、木偶和双重形象；只要一篇文章没有涉及上述主题之一的现实描述，我们就认为它不是幻想。我们相信，仅仅是形而上学和抽象的幻想是不能震撼社会的。至于神奇的角色，我们寻找各种各样的现代邪恶使者。他们可能是受黑暗势力影响的音乐家；或者是充满邪恶灵魂的迷宫般的城市环境。我们甚至在莫奈（Monet）和塞尚（Cezanne）的画作的角落里发现了这样的鬼脸精灵。我们已经能够建立一个清单（尽可能详尽）的文本，其中可以检测到潜在的邪恶存在。在大多数情况下，作者努力描述人类遭受自我分裂的陌生感。所有的人都是命运手中的木偶；但是，现代人已经抛弃了至高无上的上帝，我们感到的不是“指导者与神灵同等重要”，而是模仿我们自身反射的临时神灵。