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Studies on the interaction of amount and delay of reinforcement in choice.

选择强化的数量和延迟的相互作用的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
60510070
负责人：
ITO Masato
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
Osaka City University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1985
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1985 至 1986
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present study investigated the interaction of amount and delay of reinforcement in concurrent and successive choice situations. In concurrent choice situations, rats were given a choice between alternatives differing in amount and delay of reinforcement. First, the ratio of the delays was constant at 3:2 while their absolute values were varied. The shorter delay terminated with 1 food pellet whereas the longer delay terminated with 3 food pellets. As the absolute values of the delays to reinforcement increased, preference for the longer-delayed but larger reinforcer increased. Second, the number of food pellets was varied in one alternative while it was constant (1 pellet) in the other alternative under two different terminal link schedules of a concurrent-chains schedule. Rats undermatched the response ratios to reinforcer amount ratios with the shorter terminal links (5 sec) whereas they overmatched with the longer terminal links (20 sec). In successive choice situations, rats and pigeons were exposed to a foraging schedule characterized by three different states (search, choice and handling states). The shorter duration (or smaller) reinforcer was more likely to be accepted the longer the handling time preceding the longer duration (or larger) reinforcer. All ofthe results are inconsistent with the predictions derived from the choice model assuming a simple multiplicative interaction of amount and delay of reinforcement.

本研究调查了同时和连续选择情况下强化数量和延迟的相互作用。在同时选择的情况下，大鼠可以在强化数量和延迟不同的替代方案之间进行选择。首先，延迟的比率恒定为 3:2，而其绝对值是变化的。较短的延迟以 1 个食物颗粒终止，而较长的延迟以 3 个食物颗粒终止。随着强化延迟绝对值的增加，对延迟时间较长但较大的强化物的偏好也随之增加。其次，在并发链计划的两个不同终端链路计划下，一个替代方案中食物颗粒的数量是变化的，而另一个替代方案中的食物颗粒数量是恒定的（1 个颗粒）。大鼠对较短终端链接（5秒）的反应比率与强化物数量比率匹配不足，而对较长终端链接（20秒）则过度匹配。在连续的选择情况下，老鼠和鸽子经历了以三种不同状态（搜索、选择和处理状态）为特征的觅食时间表。持续时间较长（或较大）的强化物之前的处理时间越长，持续时间较短（或较小）的强化物就越有可能被接受。所有结果都与假设强化数量和延迟的简单乘法相互作用的选择模型得出的预测不一致。