A study of psychological mechanisms in foraging decisions.

觅食决策的心理机制研究。

• 批准号: 62510065
• 负责人: ITO Masato
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: Osaka City University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1987 至 1988
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62510065/
• 关键词: Choice; Foraging; Accessibility of reinforcers; Patch use; Prey distribution; Concurrent and concurrent-chains schedule; 切り替えキイ並立スケジュール; ラット; 切り替えレバー型並立スケジュール; 選択; 強化率最大化原理

The present study investigated some aspects of foraging decisions that a predator may make, such as how and where to feed by using a concurrent and successive choice procedure. In a concurrent choice procedure, the accessibility of the terminal links differed in the reinfrcer amount was varied by changing the duration of the initial link. Changing accessibility of the preferred outcome (the larger reinforcer) had a greater effect on choice than changing accessibility of the less preferred outcome (the smaller reinforcer). This finding is consistent with the prediction from Fantino's delay-reduction model. In a successive choice procedure, the effects of prey distribution on the patch-use strategy used by a pre dator were examined for three different types of the prey distribution, such as a Poisson, Binomial, and Negative binomial distribution. For all three distributions, the number of obtained preys increased with the increases in the search time, and also the duration of the give-up time, defined by the interval between the time the last prey was captured and the time the predator left the patch, increased with the increases in the search time. In this case, Herrnstein's matching model was successfully applicable to these data. These findings indicate that the psychological mechanisms assumed by the choice models play a role in making foraging decisions.

本研究调查了捕食者可能做出的觅食决策的某些方面，例如使用并发和连续的选择程序进行喂养。在同一选择过程中，通过更改初始链接的持续时间，终端链接的可访问性在重心量中有所不同。与更改较不优选结果（较小的增强器）的可访问性相比，更改首选结果（较大的增强器）的可及性对选择的影响更大。这一发现与Fantino延迟减少模型的预测一致。在连续的选择程序中，检查了猎物分布对预示前使用的斑块使用策略的影响，以了解三种不同类型的猎物分布，例如泊松，二项式和负二项式分布。在所有三个分布中，所获得的猎物的数量随搜索时间的增加而增加，也是允许时间的持续时间，这是由捕获最后一个猎物的时间和捕食者离开补丁的时间之间的间隔定义的，随着搜索时间的增加而增加。在这种情况下，Herrnstein的匹配模型成功地适用于这些数据。这些发现表明，选择模型假设的心理机制在做出觅食决策中起作用。

项目成果

小川隆 監,杉木・佐藤・河嶋 編: "行動心理ハンドブック 第3章 選択行動" 培風館, 480 (1989)

小川隆监修，杉木、佐藤、川岛编：《行为心理学手册第3章选择行为》百风馆，480（1989）

Hachiya & Ito: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.

八屋

Commons, et. al. (Eds.): "Quantitative analyses of behavior(Vol. VI):Foraging(Chapter9)" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers(LEA), 291 (1987)

康芒斯等。