Development of Automatic Control System of Artificial Respiration Based on Nonlinear Adaptive Control Method

人工呼吸的自动控制系统被开发用于在自主呼吸的帮助下或在使用肌肉松弛剂和/或开胸手术的情况下将二氧化碳浓度维持在期望的值范围内，以对抗不规则代谢率变化的影响。传统的控制系统的设计方法不能直接应用于紧急医疗护理，而不需要费时费力地估计患者的生理参数。呼吸系统被假定为表示为一个非线性自回归移动平均模型，其有限的非线性阶数和记忆长度，其中引入了死区时间，因为它是不可避免的控制这样的生物子系统使用气体流量。因此，将非线性模型参考自适应控制技术应用于控制系统的设计，并开发了一种新型呼吸器，该新型呼吸器基于减少关于患者的必要生理知识， 关于我们 为了完全自动化的设计过程和根据患者的个体差异和生理状态将控制系统有效地应用于临床，将呼吸器和必要的信息处理系统统一为一个单元系统，将控制算法和机电设备的软件系统结合起来。呼吸机的通气量是由其活塞运动的行程和频率控制的，活塞运动可由病人的横膈膜运动信号或直接由微型计算机的信号来驱动。因此，人工呼吸控制系统可以在很大程度上不依赖于由计算机给出的节律，而是依赖于由患者的状态表征的节律。Heraby，一个病人戴着一个特殊的呼吸面罩，面罩上装有O_2和CO_2传感器，以便尽可能少地延迟检测它们的浓度。对人工呼吸外控系统的安全性和可靠性进行了详细的临床检验。少

An automatic control system of artificial respiration is developed to maintain a carbon dioxide concentration within a desired range of value against the effect of irregular metabolic rate change for the help of autonomous respiration or under the use of muscle relaxant and/or open chest surgery. Conventional design methods of control systems cannot be directly applied to an urgent medical care without time consuming and laborious estimation of physiological parameters of patients. A respiratory system is assumed to be represented by a nonlinear autoregressive moving average model with its finite nonlinear order and memory length to which a dead time is introduced, as it is inevitable for the control of such a biological subsystem using gas flow. Thereby, a nonlinear model reference adaptive control technique is applied to the design of the control system with a development of a new type of respirator based on the reduction of necessary physiological knowledge about a patient even for … More an urgent care in the absence of a medical doctor.For a completely automatic design process and an effective application of the control system to clinics in accordance with an individual difference and a physiological state of a patient, a respirator and a necessary information processing system is unified into a unit system, combining software systems of control algorithm and electromechanical apparatus. The ventilation amount of a respirator is controlled by the stroke and frequency of its piston movement which can be actuated by the signals of diaphragm movement of a patient of directly by the signals from a microcomputer. Therefore, an artificial rerspiratory control system can be much dependent not on the rhythm given by computer but on the one characterized by the state of a patient. Heraby, a patient wears a special mask for a ventilation equipped with O_2- and CO_2-sensors for the possible less delay sensing of their concentrations. The safety and reliability of the outomatic control system of artificial respiration are clinically examined in detail. Less