Development of Automatic Control System of Artificial Respiration Based on Nonlinear Adaptive Control Method

开发了一种人工呼吸自动控制系统，用于在自主呼吸的帮助下或在使用肌肉松弛药和/或开胸手术的情况下，将二氧化碳浓度维持在期望的值范围内，以对抗代谢率不规则变化的影响。传统的控制系统设计方法如果不对患者的生理参数进行费时费力的估计，就不能直接应用于紧急医疗护理。呼吸系统被假定为具有有限非线性阶数和记忆长度的非线性自回归滑动平均模型，其中引入了死区时间，因为利用气流来控制这样一个生物子系统是不可避免的。因此，将非线性模型参考自适应控制技术应用于控制系统的设计中，开发了一种基于对患者必要的生理知识的简化的新型呼吸器，即使对于…也是如此为了根据患者的个体差异和生理状态将控制系统的设计过程完全自动化并有效地应用于临床，将呼吸器和必要的信息处理系统统一为一个单元系统，将控制算法和机电设备的软件系统结合在一起。呼吸机的通气量由其活塞运动的行程和频率控制，而活塞运动的行程和频率可由患者的横隔膜运动信号直接由微型计算机的信号来驱动。因此，人工呼吸控制系统可能在很大程度上不依赖于计算机给出的节奏，而是依赖于以患者状态为特征的节奏。Heraby说，一名患者在通风时戴上了特殊的口罩，配备了O2和CO2传感器，以便尽可能少地延迟检测它们的浓度。对人工呼吸体外控制系统的安全性和可靠性进行了详细的临床检验。较少

An automatic control system of artificial respiration is developed to maintain a carbon dioxide concentration within a desired range of value against the effect of irregular metabolic rate change for the help of autonomous respiration or under the use of muscle relaxant and/or open chest surgery. Conventional design methods of control systems cannot be directly applied to an urgent medical care without time consuming and laborious estimation of physiological parameters of patients. A respiratory system is assumed to be represented by a nonlinear autoregressive moving average model with its finite nonlinear order and memory length to which a dead time is introduced, as it is inevitable for the control of such a biological subsystem using gas flow. Thereby, a nonlinear model reference adaptive control technique is applied to the design of the control system with a development of a new type of respirator based on the reduction of necessary physiological knowledge about a patient even for … More an urgent care in the absence of a medical doctor.For a completely automatic design process and an effective application of the control system to clinics in accordance with an individual difference and a physiological state of a patient, a respirator and a necessary information processing system is unified into a unit system, combining software systems of control algorithm and electromechanical apparatus. The ventilation amount of a respirator is controlled by the stroke and frequency of its piston movement which can be actuated by the signals of diaphragm movement of a patient of directly by the signals from a microcomputer. Therefore, an artificial rerspiratory control system can be much dependent not on the rhythm given by computer but on the one characterized by the state of a patient. Heraby, a patient wears a special mask for a ventilation equipped with O_2- and CO_2-sensors for the possible less delay sensing of their concentrations. The safety and reliability of the outomatic control system of artificial respiration are clinically examined in detail. Less