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Studies on the properties of some unutilized starch in Japan and Southeast Asia

日本及东南亚部分未利用淀粉特性研究

基本信息

批准号：
62560133
负责人：
HIZUKURI Susumu
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Kagoshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Molecular structures and the potential for industrial uses of three unutilized starches [water chestnut (fruits), yam(roots), and yam bean(roots)] were investigated in detail. In addition, the relationship between the structures and properties of starches from many plants, including the above, were analyzed.water chestnut amylose showed a characteristic wide molecular-weight distribution with 3 peak tops at d.p. 700, 1850, and 6670, and had a high -amylolysis limit of 95%. The crystalline type of the starch was C-type and the average chain length of the amylopection was 22, which is the intermediate value between A- and B-type starches.Yam bean starch granules showed also the C-type X-ray diffraction pattern and the number-average chain length of the amylopectin was 19.5. These amyloses were very large molecules whose molecular weights were distriduted in the range of 1500-300000d.p. (peak top at 10600 d.p.).Yam starches prepared from 3 varieties-- natives of Ibusuki Japan (KaU 18), Ja … More va (KaU 09), and Guam (KaU 14)-- showed similar physicochemical properties. The molecular weight distributions of amyloses were in the range of d.p. 300-18000 and the amyloses were relatively rich in small molecules which reduced the number-average d.p. of the amyloses. The number-average chain lengths of the amylopectins were about 2 units longer than that of potato amylopection.From the analytical data on various starches, it was found that the intrinsic viscosity of amylose is influenced by the amount of slighly branched molecules in addition to molecular weight. The intrinsic viscosities of 8 rice amyloses correlated well with the amounts of the slightly branched molecules but correlated poorly with molecular weights. The iodine affinities of amylopectins were found to be proportional with the amounts of super-long-chain chain components (d.p. about 1000).The slightly branched molecules found in purified amylose have been defined as an intermediate molecule by their molecular properties. Less

详细研究了三种未被利用的淀粉[菱角（果实），山药（根）和山药豆（根）]的分子结构和工业用途的潜力。此外，还分析了包括上述植物在内的多种植物淀粉的结构与性质之间的关系，菱角直链淀粉具有特征性的宽分子量分布，在d. p. 700、1850和6670处有3个峰值，并且具有95%的高淀粉分解极限。淀粉的晶型为C型，支链淀粉的平均链长为22，介于A型和B型淀粉之间，X射线衍射图谱也为C型，支链淀粉的数均链长为19.5。这些直链淀粉是非常大的分子，其分子量分布在1500- 300000 d.p.之间（峰值在10600 d. p.）。从3个品种制备的山药淀粉--日本指宿本地人（KaU 18）、日本 ...更多信息 va（KaU 09）和关岛（KaU 14）-显示出相似的理化性质。直链淀粉的分子量分布在d.p.300 -18000范围内，并且直链淀粉相对富含小分子，这降低了直链淀粉的数均d. p.。支链淀粉的数均链长比马铃薯支链淀粉的数均链长约2个单位。从各种淀粉的分析数据中发现，直链淀粉的特性粘度除了受分子量的影响外，还受微支化分子量的影响。8种稻米直链淀粉的特性粘数与其微支化分子量相关性较好，与分子量相关性较差。支链淀粉的碘亲合力与其超长链（d. p.约1000）成正比，纯化直链淀粉中的微支化分子根据其分子性质被确定为中间分子。少