Virological and Immunological Studies on Human Parainfluenza Virus

人副流感病毒（Human Parainfluenza virus，PIV）是人类早期呼吸道感染的病原体。尽管它们作为人类病原体的重要性。对病毒的结构和复制知之甚少。PIV分为4种血清学类型，4型病毒又分为4A（PIV-4A）和4 B（PIV-4 B）。PIV-4由于其在组织培养中生长特性差而未进行分析。本研究利用猴建立了PIV-4感染的实验动物模型，制备了抗PIV-4的单克隆抗体，鉴定了其结构蛋白，并利用单克隆抗体分析了副粘病毒间的免疫交叉反应，检测了感染猴血清中PIV-4A和PIV-4 B的特异性IgG和IG。IgG的高峰出现在再感染后2周（感染后12周），IgM的高峰出现在感染后2周。中和抗体和HI抗体的出现曲线与IgG的出现曲线一致。伊加和免疫球蛋白E在鼻洗液和唾液中检测到，但在感染的猴的血清中没有检测到。分子量。PIV-4A的结构蛋白HN：72 K，NP：61 K，F_0：61 K，F_153K和47 K，M：40 K。PIV-4 b的HN蛋白为72 K，NP蛋白为65 K，F_065K，F_155K，M蛋白为40 K，HN蛋白和F蛋白均为糖蛋白。测定了副粘病毒间的交叉反应。PIV-4A和4 B在BP蛋白上有明显的反应，但在HN、F和M蛋白上反应较弱，且有少数克隆与PIV-2、腮腺炎病毒和猴病毒5型有交叉反应。用抗PIV-4A和4 B的单克隆抗体检测PIV-1、PIV-3、麻疹病毒和NDV，未发现交叉反应。

Human parainfluenza virus (PIV) caused respiratory tract infection of man in early life. Despite of their importance as human pathogen. Little is known of the structure and replication of the virus. PIVs are divided into 4 serological types, and type 4 viruses are subdivided into 4A (PIV-4A) and 4B (PIV-4B). PIV-4 has not been analyzed because of their poor growth characteristics in tissue culture. In the present study, we have established an experimental animal model for PIV-4 infection by using monkeys, produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), identified their structural proteins and analyzed the immunological cross-reactins among paramyxoviruses by using the MAbs.We detected IgG and Ig, which are specific for PIV-4A or 4B in the infected mokey sera. The peak appearance of IgG was 2 weeks post re-infection (12 weeks post infection) and that of IgM was 2 weeks post infection. The apparance curves of neutralizing antibody and HI antibody were consistent with that of IgG. IgA and IgE were detected in the nasal washings and saliva, but not in sera, of the infected mokeys. The mol.wts. of the structural proteins of PIV-4A were as follows, HN:72K, NP:61K, F_0:61K, F_153K and 47K, and M:40K. Those of PIV-4b were, HN:72K, NP:65K, F_065K, F_155K and M:40K, HN and F proteins were glycoproteins. The cross-reactions among paramyxoviruses were determined. we found significant reactions between PIV-4A and 4B in BP protein, but relatively low reactions in HN, F and M proteins, and a few clones from PIV-4A and 4B have cross-reactions with PIV-2, mumps virus and simian virus 5. However, no cross-reactions were found among PIV-1, PIV-3, measles virus and NDV by using the MAbs to PIV-4A and 4B.