Environmental Change and Subsistence Strategy of Ethnic Minorities in the National and Development Policies : Comparative Studies in Northeastern Africa

本研究的目的是通过实证聚焦埃塞俄比亚，揭示在国家政策和发展援助的渗透过程中，周边地区的当地族群如何制定生存策略并重组其社会结构。为此，首先，我们通过访谈和查阅埃塞俄比亚帝国政权和德格社会主义政权的档案文件来收集基础数据，以调查中央政府的政策如何对埃塞俄比亚西南民族社会产生影响。具体来说，我们比较了每个研究者领域的“社会对应”比如当地政治组织和土地权属的转变和生态变化，比如农业和养牛技术的变化以及长期会发生的作物比例和种类的变化更重要的是，比较了生态数据和航空照片，研究了国家发展政策对环境利用变化的影响。我们每年在日本召开几次会议，相互交流信息，提出包容性研究。另一方面，包括首席在内的9名调查人员和合作者在埃塞俄比亚西南部进行了实地调查，收集了更多的信息，旨在以多样化和多层次的方式掌握现状。结果表明，中央政府政策对埃塞俄比亚西南部民族社会的影响程度或质量在帝国、Derg和EPRDF三种政治制度的不同阶段有许多变化。这表现在各民族的自然环境、生态资源或风俗习惯上。这些成就被收录在京都大学出版社出版的《社会化的生态资源——埃塞俄比亚的不断重生》一书中。本书从整体和多边角度论述了中央政府的政策对周边民族社会和生态资源的影响。在意大利占领时代的历史和政治背景下

The purpose of this study is to reveal empirically focusing Ethiopia, how local ethnic groups in peripheral areas work out their survival strategy and reorganize their social structure in the process of the penetration of national policies and development aid.For the above purpose, in the first, we collected basic data by interviewing and examining archival documents both in Ethiopian imperial regime and in Derg socialism regime in order to investigate how policies of Central government have an influence on Southwestern ethnic societies in Ethiopia. To put it concretely we compared on each investigator's fields ‘Social Correspondence' like the transformation of local political organization and Land tenure and Ecological Change' like, the change of the skill of farming and cattle breeding and the proportion and the species of crops that would happen in the long run Still more, comparing the ecological data and the aerial photographs, we investigated the change of environmental use cause … More d by the national development policies.We held meetings in Japan several times a year to exchange information with each other and put forward inclusive research. On the other hand, nine investigators and collaborators including the chief conducted field work in southwestern Ethiopia to collect more information and aim at grasp the present condition in diversified and multilayered way As a result, It is clarified that the extent or quality of the influence of central government's policy on ethnic societies in southwestern Ethiopia has many varieties in different phases in three political regime as the Empire, Derg, and EPRDF, which is indicated in natural environments and ecological resource or customs of each ethnic groups.These achievements were worked up into the book, ‘Socialized Eco-Resources-Incessant Rebirth of Ethiopia-‘published from Kyoto University Press. It is argued in this book holistically and multilaterally how Central government's policy have affected on peripheral ethnic societies and ecological resources.in the historical and political background from Italian-occupation era Less