Study of San Socio-cultural Changes in Historical Dynamics of the Area

在本研究中，我们旨在首先阐明三族移民历史的全貌以及他们与邻近民族的相互作用。研究区居民被重新安置到保护区外，民族关系的调整也取得了巨大进展。其次，我们还旨在了解他们的社会文化变化和种族关系的活力。为了达到第一个目的，我们收集和分析了考古/历史材料，收集了古代的民间故事/个人历史来重建近的过去。/Gui， //加纳，！本文从社会语言学的角度对柯语和喀拉哈里方言进行了研究，从语言文化的角度阐明了它们的接触史。还对桂、加纳和喀拉哈里三国的仪式制度进行了比较研究，以阐明文化互动。第二个目的是通过访谈和观察的方式来调查搬迁方案的决策过程。同时，考察了自然资源的开发过程：狩猎采集活动减少，因此更多地依赖现金收入和分配配给。虽然政府鼓励小规模农业和畜牧业，但很明显，他们的生活离经济独立还很远。通过医学检查和个案研究，积累个人病史资料，重建过去。在此基础上，通过访谈和年龄估计等方法研究了人口动态，包括出生间隔的变化，并对30年来的人口统计数据进行了强化，分析了定居对人口统计学的影响。对三社会命运承托的年轻一代，也分析了学校教育的影响、养育方式的变化和婴儿的发展模式。

In this study, we aimed to clarify the entire picture of the history of San migration and their interaction to the neighboring ethnic groups in the first place. Inhabitants of research area had been relocated to the outside of the Reserve, and the readjustment of inter-ethnic relations has been progressing drastically. We also aimed to understand their socio-cultural changes and the dynamism of ethnic relations in the second place.To attain the first purpose, archaeological/historical materials were collected and analyzed, and folktales/personal history were collected from the aged to reconstruct the near past. /Gui, //Gana, ! Ko and Kalahari dialects were investigated socio-linguistically to clarify-the history of contact from linguistic-cultural aspect. Comparative studies of ritual systems among /Gui, //Gana and Kalahari were also conducted to elucidate cultural interaction.For the second purpose, the process of decision making to the relocation program was investigated through interview and observation. At the same time, the process of exploitation of natural resources was examined : hunting-gathering activities declined, so, more dependence on cash income and distributed rationing were observed. Though the Government encouraged small scale agriculture and pastoralism, it became clear that their life is still far from economic independence.By medical examination and a case history study, data of personal history to reconstruct the past were accumulated. Furthermore, we investigated population dynamics including change of birth intervals through interviews and age estimation, reinforced thirty years demographic data and analyzed the effect of sedentism to demography.Regarding the young generations on whose shoulder rest the destinies of San society, effect of school education, changes of child rearing and development pattern of infants were also analyzed.