Capacity of fetus for memory and learning

胎儿的记忆和学习能力

• 批准号: 63510054
• 负责人: KODAMA Noriko
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Shiga University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1989
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63510054/
• 关键词: fetal memory; taste; odor stimulus; the newborn; 味覚@嗅覚刺激

This study was conducted in order to investigate whether the newborn mice remember the taste/odor stimulus directly injected into the amniotic fluid in their fetal period.The 451 newborn pups from Slc;ICR female mice were used and 8 subject groups was formed as follows: 3 experimental groups (VV, ApAp, and SS), 3 control groups (NV, NAp, and NS), sham operation group (Sham), and intact group (NN). The VV group, ApAp group, and SS group received vanilla, apple juice, and saline in fetal period and was tested the preference to vanilla, apple juice, and saline after birth, respectively. The NV group, NAp group, and NS,group was not received any stimulus in fetal period, but was tested the preference to vanilla, apple juice,,and saline after birth, respectively.On Day 16 of gestation, 0.025ml of taste/odor stimulus (vanilla, apple juice, or saline) was injected into the amniotic sac adjacent to the nose-mouth area of each fetus. On day 2 after birth, nipples of the anesthetized mother were coated with vanilla, apple juice or saline, and the stimulus preference of the newborn pups were tested in the experimental groups and control groups.The most remarkable results were obtained in the NV and VV groups. The NV pups avoided the vanilla coated nipples when their preference to vanilla was tested. It shows that vanilla is an aversive stimulus for the newborn pups. The VV pups, exposed to the vanilla in fetal period, however, did not avoid them. Apple juice and saline had no effect on the preference of pups to them. These results suggest that the fetuses can memorize the taste/odor change (especially in aversive stimulus) in the amniotic fluid, and that the prenatal environment in utero plays a very important role for the development of fetal memory.

采用ICR雌性小鼠451只，随机分为3个实验组(VV组、APAP组和SS组)、3个对照组(NV组、NAP组和NS组)、假手术组(Sham组)和正常对照组(NN组)。VV组、APAP组和SS组在胎儿期分别摄入香草、苹果汁和生理盐水，并在出生后分别测试其对香草、苹果汁和生理盐水的偏好。NV组、NAP组和NS组在胎儿期不接受任何刺激，但在出生后分别测试其对香草、苹果汁和生理盐水的偏好。在妊娠第16天，将0.025ml的味觉/气味刺激(香草、苹果汁或生理盐水)注入每个胎儿鼻口区附近的羊膜囊中。在出生后第2天，用香草、苹果汁或生理盐水涂抹麻醉母亲的乳头，并测试试验组和对照组新生幼鼠的刺激偏好，其中以NV组和VV组效果最显著。当测试NV幼崽对香草的偏好时，它们会避开涂有香草的乳头。研究表明，香草对新生幼崽来说是一种令人厌恶的刺激。然而，在胎儿期接触香草的VV幼崽并没有避开它们。苹果汁和生理盐水对幼崽的偏爱没有影响。提示胎儿对羊水中的味觉/气味变化(尤其是厌恶刺激)具有记忆能力，胎儿宫内环境对胎儿记忆的发育起着非常重要的作用。