Religious View and National Identity in a Multi-Ethnic Society : The Case of the Philippines

本研究是研究项目的一部分，旨在从社会人类学、宗教人类学和民族学的角度阐明菲律宾多民族社会中的宗教观和民族认同。这项调查将讨论宗教方面、习惯法、价值体系、社会政治领导、妇女的作用和国家认同等方面的共同主题。这项研究是在不同的宗教背景下进行的：1)华人社会中的宗教对抗(佐佐木在大马尼拉和宿务)，2)少数群体社会中宗教巩固和国有化的过程(Muratake在大马尼拉和Peralta在吕宋岛北部)。3)菲律宾社会中女性的社会角色和参与，以及在初级水平上的国家认同教育。(K.Kikuchi在马尼拉和宿务)，4)民族的民族化和意识反映在天主教传教作品、政治行为和亲属制度(由Y.Kikuchi在马尼拉)，5)少数群体社会生活结构的现代化(Watari在Mindoro和Peralta在吕宋北部)，6)国有化和伊斯兰主义(由武团的Tamaki)，7)国家认同和菲律宾政治(由片山和佐卡诺在马尼拉)，8)政治纪念碑和民族主义(由清水在马尼拉和巴坦加斯)，9)中产阶级认同与民族主义(Evangelista在大都会马尼拉)。这项研究的特点是所有研究人员在不同的宗教背景下进行田野调查，包括阿明教、天主教、道教和伊斯兰教，集中在一个共同的话题上，即菲律宾人身份的出现。本研究提供的数据和观点将有助于进一步研究菲律宾社会的宗教观和民族认同。

This study is conducted as a part of the research project which aims at clarifying the religious view and national identity in a multi-ethnic society of the Philippines from the standpoints of social anthropology, religious anthropology and ethnology. The survey will be conducted so as to discuss the common topics with regard to the religious aspects, customary law, value system, socio-political leadership, women's role and national identity. The research was conducted in various religious settings as follows :1) religious confrontation in Chinese society (by Sasaki, at Metro-Manila and Cebu),2) the process of both religious consolidation and nationalization in minority societies (by Muratake at Metro Manila, and Peralta at Northern Luzon).3) women's social roles and participation among Filipino societies and the education of national identity at elemental level. (by K. Kikuchi at Manila and Cebu),4) nationalization and consciousness of nation are reflected with Catholic mission works, political behavior and kinship system (by Y. Kikuchi in Manila),5) modernization of life structure in minority society (by Watari at Mindoro and Peralta in Northern Luzon),6) nationalization and Islamism (by Tamaki at Butuan),7) national identity and Philippine politics (by Katayama and Jocano at Metro Manila),8) political monuments and nationalism (by Shimizu at Manila and Batangas),9) middle class identity and nationalism (by Evangelista at Metro Manila).This study is characterized as a synthetic one which all researchers conducted the fieldwork in different religious settings which contain Aminism, Catholicism, Taoism, and Islamism, focusing on a common topic which is on the emergence of Filipino identity. The data and viewpoints presented in this study will contribute to the further research of the religious view and national identity of the Philippines society.