A Positive Study on the Changes in University Chartering System in China

我国大学特许制度变迁实证研究

• 批准号: 01510179
• 负责人: OTSUKA Yutaka
• 金额: $ 0.96万
• 依托单位: Hiroshima University (1990)National Institute for Educational Policy Research (1989)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1989 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01510179/
• 关键词: China; Form of university chartering; Higher education reform; Reorganization of higher ed. inst.; State Education Commission; Soviet model; Four Modernizations; University administration; 大学再編成; 文化大革命; 大学の運営自主権; 校長責任制

The basic form of university chartering and management in China was shaped by a reorganization of higher education institutions modelled after Soviet Union which was carried out immediately after the establishment of the Peoples' Republic. It was characterized by a pattern that not only the Ministry of Education but many other central ministries establish and manage the institutions of higher education, and control the very details of management of these institutions. However, it has been intended to change this original pattern preserved for a long time since the establishment of the State as part of educational reform toward the "Four Modernizations." Such changed include 1) encouraging municipal administrative bodies lower than provinces, enterprises, social organizations as well as individuals like overseas Chinese to establish institutions of higher education, 2) permitting institutions to use the balance brought forward from the previous account and to use their own funds raised … More by themselves, 3) permitting institutions to enroll the new entrancts entrusted by enterprises, etc. In order to thoroughly understand the significance of the on-going reform, present head investigator looked back the reform of 1950s and tried to scrutinize how deeply the changes have occurred in the recent reform in comparison with the prototype of the earlier years.Firstly, a number of laws and regulations concerning the university chartering and management were collected, translated and analyzed. This work resulted in publication of a booklet titled Chugoku Koto Kyoiku Kankei Hoki as listed in the following references.Secondly, as for the reform of 1950s, two papers concerning te reorganization and the introduction of unified college entrance examination system were written.Thirdly, a few papers concerning the recent reform after the Cultural Revolution were also written as listed in the following references.Thus, a fairly good deal of information in relation to the university chartering and management in China which had been almost completely blank in Japan was accumulated through this study. Less

中国大学的特许经营和管理的基本形式是在新中国成立后立即以苏联为蓝本进行的高等教育机构重组中形成的。这种模式的特点是，不仅是教育部，还有许多其他中央部委建立和管理高等教育机构，并控制这些机构管理的细节。然而，作为“四个现代化”教育改革的一部分，它打算改变这种自国家成立以来长期保存的原始模式。这些变化包括：1)鼓励省以下的市行政机关、企业、社会组织以及华侨华人等个人设立高等教育机构；2)允许学校使用上期结余和自筹资金；3)允许学校招收企业委托的新入学人员等。为了深入了解正在进行的改革的意义，现任首席调查员回顾了20世纪50年代的改革，并试图与早期的原型相比，仔细审查最近改革中发生的变化有多深。首先，收集、翻译和分析了有关大学章程和管理的一些法律法规。这项工作导致了一本名为《Chugoku Koto Kyoiku Kankei Hoki》的小册子的出版，详见以下参考文献。其次，关于50年代的改革，写了两篇关于重组和引入统一高考制度的论文。第三，文革后有关改革的几篇论文也写在下面的参考文献中。因此，通过本研究积累了相当多的日本几乎完全空白的关于中国大学特许和管理的信息。少

项目成果

OTSUKA Yutaka: ""Bunkaku go 10 nen yo no Chugoku Kyoiku (Chinese Education for 10 years after Cultural Revolution)"" IDE;Gendai no Koto Kyoiku. No. 306. 11-17 (1989)

大冢丰：““Bunkaku go 10 nen yo no Chugoku Kyoiku（文革后十年的中国教育）””IDE；Gendai no Koto Kyoiku。

OTSUKA Yutaka: ""Chugoku kara mita Nihon Ryugaku (Study Abroad in Japan from Chinese Perspective)"" Koto Keoiku Kynkyu Kiyo. No. 12. 84-93 (1990)

大冢丰：“中国视角下的日本留学””Koto Keoiku Kynkyu Kiyo。

OTSUKA Yutaka: ""Chugoku ni okeru Toitu Daigaku Nyushi Seido no Donyu Katei 1949-51 (Process of Introducing the Unified College Entrance Examination System in China ; 1949-51)"" Nihon no Kyoiku Shigaku. No. 32. 105-123 (1989)

大冢丰：“Chugoku ni okeru Toitu Daigaku Nyushi Seido no Donyu Katei 1949-51（在中国引入统一高考制度的过程；1949-51）”“Nihon no Kyoiku Shigaku”。

OTSUKA Yutaka: ""Gendaika o mezasu Chugoku no Kyoiku (Chinese Education aiming at the Modernization)"" Toa. No. 265. 85-99 (1989)

大冢丰：“Gendaika o mezasu Chugoku no Kyoiku（旨在现代化的中国教育）”Toa。

大塚 豊: "50年代初期中国における大学の再編成" 大学論集(広島大学・大学教育研究センタ-). 20. (1991)

大冢丰：《20世纪50年代初中国大学的重组》大学论文集（广岛大学，大学教育研究中心）20。（1991）。