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Family structure, life-cycle, and life-course in late feudal Japan: studies in rural and city census materials.

日本封建晚期的家庭结构、生命周期和生命历程：农村和城市人口普查材料的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
63510111
负责人：
TAKAGI Masao
金额：
$ 0.83万
依托单位：
Ritsumeikan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1988
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1988 至 1989
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present work considers several aspects of family structure, life-cycle, and life-course of the cohorts during the late feudal-early modern period of Japan.1.Family, population, and landholding policy in the Sendai Domain. Governmental involvement in population control was demonstrated by a 1677 ordinance forbidding marriages by propertyless males younger than first sons, and again by the lifting of this ban in 1754. The mere existence of such legislation refutes the popular notion that feudal population control was limited to such unofficial methods as abortion and/or infanticide.2.Joit families under the stem family system. A majority of joint households formed when stem families, composed of the vertically related conjugal units of the family head and heir, joined forces with youngest son's family unit in order to forestall impending crises in their developmental cycles.3.Population dynamics in preindustrial Japanese neighborhood association. Nineteenth century population data for the city of Nara show the townspeople to have been quite mobile, with only about 30% maintaining residence in any particular neighborhood (a chonai unit comprising twenty to thirty households) for more than 15 years. Longer periods of residence were generally seen only in households with stable family occupation.4.Urban families in premodern Japan: its composition, development, and life-cycle crises. The city of Nara during the 19th Century contained a wide variety of family types and sizes, with midsized nuclear families predominating. The formation of stem families appears to have been a difficult matter, with such households comprising only about 10% of the total. Family crises in urban families generally resulted from, for example, loss of a spouse, lack of family heir,or poor marriage prospects due to low paying employment.Life-course analysis depending on 18-19th Century material is abandoned here because of several difficulties. We are intending to report it in the next year.

本研究主要探讨日本封建末期至近代初期的家庭结构、生命周期与族群生命历程。1.仙台藩的家庭、人口与土地政策。1677年颁布的法令禁止长子以下的无产男性结婚，1754年又取消了这一禁令，这证明了政府对人口控制的参与。这种立法的存在驳斥了封建人口控制仅限于堕胎和/或堕胎等非官方方法的流行观念。2.干家庭制度下的婚姻家庭。大部分的联合户是在由户主和继承人组成的垂直关系的配偶单位组成的主干家庭与最小儿子的家庭单位联合起来，以防止其发展周期中即将发生的危机时形成的。3.工业化前日本邻里联合的人口动态。19世纪奈良市的人口数据显示，该市居民流动性很大，只有约30%的人在任何特定的社区（一个由20至30户家庭组成的村内单位）居住超过15年。居住时间较长的家庭一般只出现在家庭职业稳定的家庭。4.前现代日本的城市家庭：其组成，发展和生命周期危机。世纪的奈良市包含了各种各样的家庭类型和规模，以中等规模的核心家庭为主。形成stem家庭似乎是一个困难的问题，这类家庭仅占总数的10%左右。城市家庭的家庭危机通常是由于失去配偶、没有家庭继承人或由于低收入就业而导致婚姻前景不佳等原因造成的。由于一些困难，本文放弃了对18- 19世纪材料的生命历程分析。我们打算在明年报告这一情况。