Preliminary Investigation for Inspection of Carcinogenic Mycotoxin Contamination in Foods and Herbal Drugs.

研究了黄曲霉毒素源真菌在主要植物中草药上的生长和产毒情况，对中草药中黄曲霉毒素污染进行了检查和调查。将每支药粉或完整药粉接种致黄曲霉毒素的曲霉菌株孵育。在检测的62种草药样品中，有10种鉴定出真菌活性生长和AF的显著产生。它们含有大量的淀粉和糖苷或脂质。因此，假定这些草药易受房颤污染。在另外21个样本中，真菌没有活跃地生长。在另外31个样品上，尽管真菌生长活跃，但AF产量低或未检测到。这些结果表明，许多草药对真菌的生长和AF的产生有抑制作用。将25个样品的甲醇提取物添加到粉末培养基中，以研究不同浓度下真菌的生长和AF的产生。在牡丹皮和厚朴皮中，真菌的生长和AF的产生受到显著抑制。黄柏皮、黄连和甘草真菌生长活跃，但AF产量降低。从牡丹皮提取液中分离得到抑制活性成分丹皮酚。厚朴皮中的厚朴酚和厚朴酚分别对真菌生长和AF产生有明显和几乎完全的抑制作用。小檗碱和甘草次酸对真菌生长没有抑制作用，但对AF的产生有抑制作用。紫苏中AF B组的产量远高于AF G组。在粉末培养基中加入紫苏甲醇提取物后，随着提取物浓度的增加，AF B水平升高，AF G水平降低。从紫苏中分离得到两种活性物质，鉴定为莳萝素和蒜素。这种效果也发现在肉豆蔻素，已知是紫苏草本植物的成分。

Growth and toxin production of aflatoxinogenic fungi on major plant herbal drugs were investigated for inspection and survey of aflatoxin (AF) contamination in herbal drugs.Each sample powder or intact sample of herbal drugs was inoculated with aflatoxinogenic strains of aspergilli and incubated. Among sixty-two samples of herbal drugs examined, active fungal growth and marked production of AF were recognized on ten. These contain large quantities of starch and glucides or lipids. Thus, it was assumed that these herbal drugs susceptible to AF contamination.On the other twenty-one samples, the fungi did not grow actively. AF production was low or not detected, in spite of active fungal growth, on another thirty-one samples. These results suggest that many herbal drugs have inhibitory effect on the fungal growth and AF production. The methanol extract of twenty-five samples was added to a powdered medium designed for investigation of the fungal growth and AF production at various concentrations.In Moutan bark and Magnolia bark, the fungal growth and AF production were remarkably inhibited. In Phellodendron bark, Coptis Rhizome, and Glycyrrhiza, the fungal growth was active but AF production was reduced. From an extract of Moutan bark, paeonol was isolated as the inhibitory constituent. Magnolol and honokiol from Magnolia bark showed marked and almost complete inhibition, respectively, of the fungal growth and AF production. Berberine and glycyrrhetic acid did not inhibit fungal growth, but did inhibit AF production.In Perilla herb, the production of AF B group was much higher than that of AF G group. When the methanol extract of Perilla herb was added to the powdered medium, AF B level increased, while AF G level decreased dependent upon the concentration of the extract. Two active substances were isolated from Perilla herb and identified as dill apiole and elemicin. This effect was also found in myristicin, Known to be a constituent of Perilla herb.