Making a measurement scale for analysis of the processes of human relations based on verbal communication

护理中的一个基本问题是，在没有护士主观观点的情况下，护士在多大程度上能够客观地了解病人的问题。由于这一问题可能与人际关系的发展有关，因此在护理教育过程中开设能够发展这种人际关系的培训课程是很重要的。本文在Tanabe(1940)提出的科学思维逻辑结构框架下，提出了一种新的基于言语交际的人际关系测量工具。然后用这个量表来描述护理教育的效果。该量表由三部分组成：认知对象、认知时态和认知深度水平。认知对象将是“自我”或“非我”。认知时态应该是“现在”或“他人”(即“过去”或“未来”)。认知深度的水平将能够达到四级，从一级到四级。该量表被应用于六个不同的群体，以检验该量表的效度。这三个小组的成员是一所护理学院的大一学生，正在学习人际关系课程。其他三个小组的成员是一家在职护理培训机构的实习生，正在参加两次人际关系课程。从第一次到第七次小组会议的所有交流过程都被录音机记录下来，然后由四位人际关系专家进行分析。结果发现，小组成员给出的所有词汇都得到了适当的分析和分类，言语交际的内容能够定性和定量地衡量。

A fundamental issue in nursing is how much the nurse is able to understand the patient's problems objectively without nurse's subjective view. Since this issue may be related to the development of human relations, it is important to have a training course to be able to develop such human relations in the course of nursing education. And it is also important to develop a measurement scale to measure and analyze the processes of such relations.In this paper, a new measurement scale is proposed under the framework of the logical structure of scientific thinking presented by Tanabe(1940) to analyze human relations based on verbal communication. This scale is then used to describe the effects on nursing education. The scale presented here consists of three components; the cognitive objects, the cognitive tense and the levels of cognitive depth. The cognitive objects would be "self" or "nonself". The cognitive tense would be "now" or "the others"(i.e. "past" or "future"). The levels of cognitive depth would be able to level into four, from level one to level four. This scale is applied to six different groups in order to examine the validity of the scale. The member of the three groups are freshman students in a nursing college and are taking the human relation course. The member of the other three groups are trainees in an inservice training institute of nursing and are taking twice the human relation course. All communication processes in the group sessions from the first to the seventh are taken by a tape recorder and then analyzed by four experts in human relations.It is found that all words given by group members are analyzed and categorised appropriately and the contents of verbal communication are able to measure qualitatively as well as quantitatively.