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Investigations on the Development of Quantum Physics, Refering to Instruments, Methodology and Physical World View

参考仪器、方法论和物理世界观研究量子物理的发展

基本信息

批准号：
01580100
负责人：
FUJIMURA Jun
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
Yokohama National University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01580100/
关键词：
History of Physics Quantum Theory 20th Century

项目摘要

Investigations have been made on the problems concerning to the development of quantum physics in early 20th Century : the problems of new features of experimental physics, the formation of new theoretical logical system of quantum mechanics, and the revolutional change of world view points.As for the experiments, starting from the discovery of new phenomena concerning to the atomic world such as radiation rays, the source materials and the detecting apparatus for them were newly developed and remarkably improved. This led to the recognization of the importance to realize the physical state in its extremity. The systematization of the physical experimental system, regarded as one to be consisted of three parts -- input system (source), reaction system and detection system -- were achieved. Theoretical foundations were also given for experimental physics.On the other hand, progress of the theoretical considerations was more characteristic, especially in the introduction and prosperity of methodology, for example, the adiavatic theorem, the correspondence principle, etc., besides the change of the mathematical formulations.The establishments of the concepts of the elementarity of matter in its existence, the meaning of the fundamental constants, as well as the invariant quantity and conservation law were also investigated. This was the way to the achievement of the modern physical world view point.Finally, the problem of "observation" was also studied. As the dynamical law of quantum mechanics could be detected only through the classical (macroscopic) apparatus which is governed by irreversible process, the concepts of quantum world appear themselves through the irreversible observation. This situation has an analogy to the process in the living organisms, but the analysis for which achieved at present is not yet satisfactory. Further researches should be prepared in future, to our opinion.

对20世纪初量子物理发展中的有关问题进行了研究：实验物理学的新特点、量子力学新的理论逻辑体系的形成、世界观的革命性变化等问题，在实验方面，从辐射线等与原子世界有关的新现象的发现开始，源材料和用于它们的检测装置是新开发的并且显著改进。这导致了认识到的重要性，以实现其极端的物理状态。实现了物理实验系统的系统化，将物理实验系统看作由输入系统（源）、反应系统和检测系统三部分组成。另一方面，理论思考的进展更有特色，特别是方法论的引进和繁荣，如绝热定理、对应原理等，除了数学公式的变化外，还探讨了物质存在的基本性概念的建立、基本常数的意义、不变量和守恒定律等问题。这是近代物理世界观的实现之路。最后，还探讨了“观察”问题。由于量子力学的动力学规律只能通过不可逆过程所支配的经典（宏观）装置来发现，因此量子世界的概念也就通过不可逆的观察而显现出来。这种情况类似于生物体中的过程，但目前对其进行的分析还不令人满意。我们认为，今后应准备进一步的研究。