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Field Research on Changes in Polar Atmospheric Environment -Polar Ozone Depletion-

极地大气环境变化实地研究-极地臭氧层破坏-

基本信息

批准号：
02041040
负责人：
OGUCHI Takashi
金额：
$ 18.56万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1992
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Stratospheric ozone depletion is tought to be due to increase in CFCs content and decrease in stratospheric temperature caused by green house effect gases, and polar stratospheric clouds seem to play an important role in the ozone loss. Denitrification of the stratosphere through appearance of polar strotospheric clouds (PSCs) is suggested an essential process controlling CLOx catalytic ozone depletion reactions. However, detailed processes are still uncertain.In this research balloon measurement on NOx, ozone, and aerosols was made at Sweden, Kiruna in witer of 1990/1991 and 1991/1992, and Lidar measurements on stratospheric aerosols in winter of 1991 at Alacka, Fairbanks.From the balloon measurements, ozone depletion. Low content of NOx, and increase in aerosol content were identified in the lower stratosphere. Considering that the atmospheric temperature of this region decreased to the frost point temperature of nitric acid trihydrates, it is suggested that from of type-1 PSCs, NAT couses lage denitrification and consequentory ozone decreases through activation of ozone loss reaction of CLOx. However, quantitative relations between those are still unclear. In winter of 1991/1992, NOx depletion was measured but meaningful ozone depletion was not identified.The lidar measurements showed that volcanic disturbance of Mt. Pinatubo had diffused to high Latitudes by mid-December of 1991. Such large scale disturbance of volcanisum may activate denitrification of stratosphere which can trigar ozone loss. It is necessary to understand global dispresion of the volcanic cloud to assess stratospheric ozone change.

平流层臭氧的损耗可能是由于温室效应气体引起的CFCs含量增加和平流层温度降低所致，而极地平流层云似乎在臭氧损耗中起着重要的作用。极地转换层云(PSCS)对平流层的反硝化作用是控制ClOx催化臭氧消耗反应的重要过程。然而，具体的过程仍然是不确定的。在这项研究中，气球测量了1990/1991和1991/1992年瑞典基律纳的NOx、臭氧和气溶胶，以及1991年冬天在费尔班克斯的Alacka对平流层气溶胶的激光雷达测量。平流层下部NOx含量较低，气溶胶含量较高。考虑到该地区大气温度降至硝酸三水合物的霜点温度，推测从1型PSCs开始，NaT的反硝化作用和由此产生的臭氧通过激活ClOx的臭氧损失反应而减少。然而，这两者之间的数量关系仍不清楚。在1991/1992年冬季，对NOx的消耗进行了测量，但没有发现有意义的臭氧消耗。到1991年12月中旬，皮纳图博已经扩散到高纬度地区。火山的这种大规模扰动可能会激活平流层的反硝化作用，从而导致臭氧的大量损失。为了评估平流层臭氧的变化，有必要了解全球火山云的变化。