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GIS analysis of relationships between human settlement and the natural environment

人居环境与自然环境关系的GIS分析

基本信息

批准号：
16300294
负责人：
OGUCHI Takashi
金额：
$ 9.41万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16300294/
关键词：
Natural environment Human activity GIS Population Landform City History Database 気候自然破壊

项目摘要

Relationships between settlement and the natural environment were investigated using GIS and spatial data. Emphasis was placed upon relationships between the distribution of population and topographic parameters such as elevation and slope. Both the current and past conditions including those in the Meiji and Taisho Eras were investigated. GIS databases were first constructed because some data have complex formats. The areas studied include 1) whole Japan and Nepal 2) the Kanto, Kansai, Chugoku-Shikoku Districts, and 3) the Tokyo Metropolitan Area and Mogami District, meaning that analyses encompassed various spatial scales. In addition, as indicators of human activities other than population, locations of water wheels, abandoned farm land, the number of passengers at each train station, and land price were investigated in relation to natural factors such as topography. As an example of influences of human activities on the natural environment, issues related to water quality were addressed. The effects of land use on riverine water quality were analyzed for the Kanto District and East England. A method to visualize population in cities in the world was also developed and its educational implications were studied. The results of this project show that topographic conditions exert strong influence on human activities, and the mode and degree of the influence has been changing with time. This temporal change reflects changes in both social conditions and human control on nature such as flood mitigation, pointing to strong interactions between nature and human activities. The results of this project also suggest that to discuss sustainability of a region, both the impact of human activities on water quality and that of water quality on human activities should be taken into account. Other application studies related to the human and social environments and GIS were also conducted.

利用地理信息系统和空间数据调查了住区与自然环境之间的关系。重点放在人口分布与海拔和坡度等地形参数之间的关系。调查了现在和过去的情况，包括明治和大正时代的情况。GIS数据库最初是因为一些数据具有复杂的格式而构建的。研究的区域包括1）整个日本和尼泊尔2）关东，关西，中国四国地区，3）东京都区和最上地区，这意味着分析涵盖了各种空间尺度。此外，作为人口以外的人类活动的指标，还调查了水车的位置、废弃的农田、各车站的乘客人数、土地价格等与地形等自然因素的关系。作为人类活动对自然环境影响的一个例子，讨论了与水质有关的问题。土地利用对河流水质的影响进行了分析，关东地区和英格兰东部。还开发了一种可视化世界城市人口的方法，并研究了其教育意义。研究结果表明，地形条件对人类活动具有强烈的影响，其影响方式和程度随时间而变化。这种时间变化反映了社会条件和人类对自然的控制（如减轻洪水）的变化，表明自然与人类活动之间存在着强烈的相互作用。本项目的结果还表明，讨论一个区域的可持续性，既要考虑人类活动对水质的影响，也要考虑水质对人类活动的影响。还进行了与人类和社会环境及地理信息系统有关的其他应用研究。